Mindfulness and negative emotions among Chinese college students: chain mediation effect of rumination and resilience.
Keke Shi, Guoyan Feng, Qiyong Huang, Meilin Ye, Hongbo Cui
Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2023 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1280663
Summary
Mindfulness significantly lowers negative emotions among college students, with 3,038 participants showing strong correlations: mindfulness is linked to reduced rumination (r = -0.69) and enhanced resilience (r = 0.63). Rumination, in turn, increases negative emotions (r = 0.83) and decreases resilience (r = -0.59). Notably, resilience also decreases negative emotions (r = -0.71). Mindfulness impacts negative feelings directly and indirectly through rumination and resilience, highlighting the importance of these factors in fostering emotional well-being in students.
Abstract
This study examines the mediation effect of rumination and resilience between the relationship of mindfulness and negative emotions in Chinese college students. A total of 3,038 college students (19.94 ± 1.10) were investigated by Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MASS), Rumination Response Style Scale (RRS), Resilience Scale (RES) and Depression-anxiety-pressure scale (DASS-21), and the mediation analyses were conducted by adopting PROCESS macro in the SPSS software. ① Mindfulness was negatively associated with rumination and negative emotions (r = -0.69, -0.72; P < 0.01), and positively associated with resilience (r = 0.63, P < 0.01). Rumination was negatively associated with resilience (r = -0.59, P < 0.01), and positively associated with negative emotions (r = 0.83, P < 0.01). Resilience was negatively associated with negative emotions (r = -0.71, P < 0.01). ② Mindfulness can not only directly predict negative emotions (95%CI, -0.12~-0.09) but also affects negative emotions through three indirect paths: Rumination was a mediator (95%CI, -0.24~-0.20), resilience was a mediator (95%CI, -0.07~-0.06), and resilience and rumination were a chain mediator (95%CI, -0.04 ~ -0.03). Mindfulness not only influences negative emotions directly, but also through the mediating effect of rumination and resilience indirectly.