Acute, sub‐acute and long‐term subjective consequences of ‘ecstasy’ (MDMA) consumption in 430 regular users
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental October 1, 2003 DOI: 10.1002/hup.529
Summary
A striking 83% of regular MDMA users reported experiencing low mood between ecstasy sessions, highlighting significant psychological impacts. In a study involving 466 participants, 59% developed tolerance to the drug, while 38% faced impaired concentration and 37% experienced depression. Additionally, 31% noted feeling more open towards others. Factors influencing these effects included age, gender, and concurrent use of substances like cocaine or amphetamine. Concerns about long-term mental health effects were the primary motivator for users considering quitting MDMA.
Abstract
Abstract This study examined the reported psychological effects of different patterns of MDMA use in men and women, and how they are modified by use of other psychoactive substances. A semi‐structured interview was conducted with 466 regular MDMA users, exploring the perceived acute, sub‐acute and long‐term subjective effects of this drug. Factor analysis established three main categories of acute effects of MDMA: (i) positive and (ii) negative effects on mental health, and (iii) physical effects. In terms of subacute effects, 83% of participants reported experiencing low mood and 80% reported impaired concentration between ecstasy‐taking sessions. Factors affecting these effects included age, gender, extent of MDMA use and concomitant use of cocaine or amphetamine. The long‐term effects most frequently reported included the development of tolerance to MDMA (59%), impaired ability to concentrate (38%), depression (37%) and ‘feeling more open towards people’ (31%). In terms of what might persuade users to stop using MDMA, their most prominent concern was the drug's long‐term effects on mental health. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.