Reframing Bummer Trips: Scientific and Cultural Explanations to Adverse Reactions to Psychedelic Drug Use
The Social History of Alcohol and Drugs August 20, 2020 Peer reviewed DOI: 10.1086/707512 via OpenAlex
Summary
The concept of a 'bad trip' has influenced public health and drug regulation by highlighting potential harm from psychedelics, often associated with fear and violence. However, historical perspectives from psychedelic therapists viewed these experiences as opportunities for confronting trauma, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits. The article discusses how the negative perception of bad trips was leveraged to support psychedelic prohibition, ultimately hindering psychotherapy's engagement with fear and trauma in treatment settings.
Study at a glance
| Population | cases presented at different psychedelic clinics in North America |
|---|---|
| Key finding | The negative perception of bad trips was strategically used to garner public support for prohibiting psychedelics, which limited psychotherapy's ability to address fear and trauma. |
Abstract
The concept of a bad or bummer trip has been used to capture the imagination of public health advisors and drug regulators, especially for producing warnings against taking drugs that cause physical and psychological harm. Psychedelics emerged in the 1960s public health literature as frequently causing bad trips, with violent and fearful outbursts from users causing harm to themselves and others. The fear and anxiety allegedly generated by a chemical reaction in the body, however, was understood differently by contemporary psychedelic scientists in the 1950s and 1960s. Confronting fear or facing trauma played an important role in psychotherapy, and psychedelic therapists offered an alternative interpretation on the bad trip that imbued it with healthful benefits. This article considers the historical tension surrounding the competing interpretations of bummer trips, probing more deeply into the implications of avoiding fear, trauma, or anxiety in the psychotherapeutic encounter. Ultimately, by considering cases presented at different psychedelic clinics in North America and comparing those with news, personal testimonies, and regulatory outcomes in the United States, we argue that the specter of the bad trip was used strategically to galvanize public support for a prohibition on psychedelics. Moreover, by removing psychedelics from active research, the field of psychotherapy in some jurisdictions moved away from addressing core ideas about fear and trauma through confrontation.