MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine)
Drug Addiction Mechanisms in the Brain April 8, 2024 Peer reviewed DOI: 10.2174/9789815223828124010004
Summary
MDMA, also known as ecstasy or molly, is a synthetic drug that produces feelings of pleasure and distorted sensory perception by increasing serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine activity in the brain. Its effects can last 3 to 5 hours and may include nausea, sweating, and a dangerous spike in body temperature that can lead to fatal health issues. While addiction has not been proven, withdrawal symptoms like fatigue and depression are noted. MDMA is often taken with other substances.
Study at a glance
| Key finding | MDMA increases neurotransmitter activity in the brain, which affects mood and perception but can also lead to serious health risks. |
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Abstract
3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) is a synthetic drug very similar to hallucinogens and stimulants. This drug is also called ecstasy or molly. It produces feelings of pleasure, warmth, distorted sensory time and perception. MDMA increases the activity of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. It causes various health effects such as nausea, sweating, chills, muscle cramping, etc. The effect of this drug can be seen in 3 to 5 hours in the body. A spike in body temperature can be seen in MDMA users that can be fatal as it affects the liver, kidney, and heart leading to death. Addiction to MDMA is not yet proven, however, withdrawal symptoms such as fatigue and depression are noted. MDMA is usually taken via the mouth or snorting in the form of tablets or capsules. This drug is also taken or abused along with other drugs such as LSD, alcohol, and marijuana. MDMA is a scheduled drug with no proven medical use. MDMA causes a surge of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain to regulate mood, learning, memory, stress, anxiety, etc. This chapter discusses the effects of MDMA on the human brain.