Emergence of Ketamine as a Rapid Acting Antidepressant: Mechanistic Insights and Future Directions
Atamjit Singh, Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi
Ketamine Revisited - New Insights into NMDA Inhibitors September 14, 2022 Peer reviewed DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.99765
Summary
Ketamine, once used as an anesthetic, has gained attention for its rapid effects in treating resistant depression and potential anti-suicidal properties. Unlike traditional antidepressants that can take weeks to work, ketamine can show effects within hours. Its mechanisms may involve glutamate modulation and the downregulation of BDNF. The chapter will also cover ketamine's pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and ongoing clinical trials.
Study at a glance
| Key finding | Ketamine shows rapid antidepressant effects within hours compared to traditional antidepressants. |
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Abstract
Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, widely popular as a dissociative anesthetic. Its use as an anesthetic in humans was progressively fallen out due to its associated adverse effects and the emergence of newer and safer anesthetics. In recent few decades, various reports related to its efficacy in the treatment of resistant depression with anti-suicidal potential draw significant attention from researchers around the globe. The rapid clinical effect of ketamine within hours as compared to traditional antidepressants that take several weeks makes it a hot topic in antidepressant research. Studies conducted in the recent past suggest its mechanism of action through glutamate modulation via receptors like NMDA, AMPA as well as downregulation of BDNF etc. This chapter will shed light on the various mechanisms of ketamine related to antidepressant activity. Along with that its pharmacokinetics, toxicology and ongoing clinical trials will also be discussed.