Illuminating consciousness.
Conor H Murray, Kafui Dzirasa, Dana Sawyer, Karen Waconda-lewis, Landon Pollack, Louis J Muglia
Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2026 Peer reviewed DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1751131 via PubMed
Summary
The review explores the complex nature of consciousness, its connection to the body and the environment, and its significance for human well-being. It synthesizes insights from various fields, including neuroscience and philosophy, to identify common themes and gaps in understanding. The authors propose a model that addresses how consciousness is formed, measured, and potentially altered, emphasizing its importance for both survival and flourishing.
Study at a glance
| Design | review |
|---|---|
| Key finding | The review proposes a working model of consciousness that highlights its construction, measurement, modification, and central role in human flourishing. |
Abstract
What consciousness is, and how it relates to the body and nature at large, are among the most enduring questions in human history. Notable thinkers have long grappled with its definition, mechanisms, and purpose. In this review, we examine both historical and contemporary perspectives on consciousness across philosophy, science, medicine, and practice. By integrating diverse perspectives and lines of evidence, from neuroscientific models to clinical applications and contemplative methods, we aim to synthesize insights into a more holistic framework of consciousness. Our objective is two-fold: first, to identify common themes and persistent gaps in knowledge, and second, to highlight critical opportunities for future investigation. In doing so, we advance a working model of consciousness that considers how consciousness is constructed, how it can be measured and modified, and why it may be central not only to survival, but also to human flourishing.