Comparative Mysticism and the Problem of Interpretation: Rumi and Meister Eckhart

Summary

Modern comparative studies of mysticism have taken two main approaches: one emphasizes commonalities among mystical traditions, while the other highlights their differences. An alternative methodology is proposed that focuses on the unique characteristics and central themes of each tradition. By applying this method to the mysticism of Jalal al-Din Rumi and Meister Eckhart, comparison is shown to enhance understanding rather than simplify or distort the complexities of these mystical figures.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Since the second half of the nineteenth century, modern comparative studies of mysticism have generally adopted one of two divergent approaches. One group, generally labeled as essentialist or phenomenologist, has used comparative methodology in order to highlight the commonalities between different mystics or mystical traditions, hence establishing universal structures and essential meanings from what seem to be overlapping aspects. The other group has been termed, inter alia, constructivist, particularly since the last third of the twentieth century, and it has used comparison as a tool for accentuating the distinctions between mystical systems and demonstrating how dissimilar backgrounds lead to the construction of differing mystical constructs. Avoiding overemphasis on either affinities or distinctions, this article suggests an alternative methodology, which utilizes comparison in highlighting the specific characters, central themes and focal points of its object of study. Applying this method to the practical mysticism of Jalal al-Din Rumi vis-à-vis that of Meister Eckhart demonstrates how comparison can be appropriately used as an apparatus of clarification and comprehension rather than as a device for imposition or reduction – as a “mirror” rather than as a “mold.”

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