Consciousness as a Concrete Physical Phenomenon

Summary

Experiences are concrete physical phenomena that can interact with observers and can be scientifically modeled, contrary to the typical view that only neural correlates can be observed. The gap between an experience and its scientific model arises because the model is a theoretical construct rather than the experience itself. This framework suggests that neuroscientific theories can directly model subjective experiences, providing a strong basis for studying consciousness empirically.

Study at a glance

Abstract

The typical empirical approach to studying consciousness holds that we can only observe the neural correlates of experiences, not the experiences themselves. In this paper we argue, in contrast, that experiences are concrete physical phenomena that can causally interact with other phenomena, including observers. Hence, experiences can be observed and scientifically modelled. We propose that the epistemic gap between an experience and a scientific model of its neural mechanisms stems from the fact that the model is merely a theoretical construct based on observations, and distinct from the concrete phenomenon it models, namely the experience itself. In this sense, there is a gap between any natural phenomenon and its scientific model. On this approach, a neuroscientific theory of the constitutive mechanisms of an experience is literally a model of the subjective experience itself. We argue that this metatheoretical framework provides a solid basis for the empirical study of consciousness.