The nature of the shamanic state of consciousness: a review.

Summary

A review indicates that different altered states of consciousness (ASC), such as those experienced by shamans and meditators, share a common psychobiological process. The shamanic state of consciousness (SSC) is physiologically distinct from possession trance states, particularly due to amygdala involvement in the latter. The SSC appears beneficial both physiologically and psychologically, and there may be a genetic component influencing the ability to experience these states.

Study at a glance

Abstract

A review of the literature suggests that a common psychobiological process is associated with various altered states of consciousness (ASC) utilized by shamans, meditators, and mediums. However, the shamanic state of consciousness (SSC) can be differentiated physiologically from possession trance states. The psychophysiological literature on different types of trances and on seizure conditions associated with the temporal lobe discharge syndrome is reviewed. On this basis, it is hypothesized that while both the SSC and possession trances involve hippocampal-septal stimulation, the difference between the SSC and the possession states includes the amygdala involvement associated with the latter. This criterion and others establish a basis for differentiating between the terms "shamanic," "shamanistic," and "mediumistic." The physiological concomitants of the SSC make it appear to be both physiologically and psychologically beneficial as well as indicating that it is most likely that there is a genetic component affecting one's ability to enter the SSC and other ASC.