Updated data on Psilocybe (Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales) from the southern Brazil region and a newly proposed species
Paula Santos da Silva, Virginia Ramírez-Cruz, Alexander J. Bradshaw, Bryn T. M. Dentinger, Laura Guzmán‐dávalos, Alma Rosa Villalobos-arámbula, Rosa Mara Borges da Silveira
Phytotaxa February 16, 2026 Peer reviewed DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.741.3.1 via OpenAlex
Summary
This study examined 62 specimens of Psilocybe, the genus of “magic mushrooms,” from southern Brazil. Using physical traits and DNA sequences, researchers identified new occurrences of P. subaeruginascens and P. yungensis, expanding knowledge of their geographic range. They also discovered and described a new species, Psilocybe araucariicola, based on its morphology and genetic data. Phylogenetic analysis with three DNA markers placed this new species within the Psilocybe tree, and the report includes its description, illustrations, and evolutionary relationships.
Study at a glance
| Design | observational study |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 62 |
| Population | specimens representing 10 species of Psilocybe from southern Brazil |
| Key finding | A new species, Psilocybe araucariicola, is described from southern Brazil, and new records of P. subaeruginascens and P. yungensis are reported. |
Abstract
Psilocybe is a well-known genus of fungi, commonly referred to as “magic mushrooms”, due to its production of psychoactive compounds. Research interest in this genus has experienced a resurgence due to its relevance as a potential therapy for a growing global mental health crisis. In this study, 62 specimens representing 10 species of Psilocybe from southern Brazil were examined using morphological data and rDNA ITS sequences in some of them. Here, we report new records of P. subaeruginascens and P. yungensis, providing new information about the occurrence and range of these species. In addition, a novel species from southern Brazil, Psilocybe araucariicola, is characterized and introduced using morphological characteristics and DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses using rDNA ITS, rpb2, and tef1 sequences were performed to determine the relationship of P. araucariicola to other species within Psilocybe. Morphological description, illustrations, photographs, and phylogenetic analysis results of P. araucariicola are provided.