More than just front or back: Parietal-striatal-thalamic circuits predict consciousness level

Summary

Simultaneous recordings from frontal, parietal, striatal, and thalamic regions in macaques during wakefulness, sleep, and anesthesia, along with deep-brain thalamic stimulation, show that parietal cortex, striatum, and thalamus contribute more to the level of consciousness than frontal cortex. This supports Integrated Information Theory over Global Neuronal Workspace Theory and Higher-order Theories, but Integrated Information Theory does not account for subcortical structures like the striatum. The authors propose that thalamo-striatal circuits have a cause-effect structure that generates integrated information.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Major theories of consciousness disagree on the key neural substrates. In Global Neuronal Workspace Theory and Higher-order Theories, consciousness depends on frontal cortex, whereas Integrated Information Theory and Recurrent Processing Theory highlight posterior contributions. Most theories omit subcortical influences. To test these theories, we performed simultaneous frontal, parietal, striatal and thalamic recordings from awake, sleeping and anesthetized macaques, further manipulating consciousness with deep-brain thalamic stimulation. Information theoretic measures and machine learning approaches suggested parietal cortex, striatum and thalamus contribute more to consciousness level than frontal cortex. While these findings provide greater support for Integrated Information Theory than the others, the theory does not incorporate subcortical structures such as the striatum. We therefore propose that thalamo-striatal circuits have a cause-effect structure to generate integrated information.