Ask, and You Shall Receive: A Closer Look on Unsolved Consciousness Issue.

Summary

Recent advancements are finally dissolving long-standing mysteries surrounding consciousness. By integrating historical philosophy with modern neurophysiology, a review illuminates how specific brain function and neuroanatomy correlate with conscious states. It successfully bridges ancient debates on the mind with contemporary insights, offering a clearer, more unified understanding of consciousness.

Abstract

There are numerous views about the concept of consciousness, and no consensus exists regarding its meaning. However, the latest neuroscientific developments have eliminated the misleading obstacles related to consciousness. Over the last few decades, neuroscientific efforts in determining the function of the brain and merging these findings with philosophical theories have brought a more comprehensive perception of the notion of consciousness. In addition to metaphysical or ontological views of consciousness, e.g. higher-order theories, reflexive theories, and representationalist theories, there are some brain-directed topics in this matter, which include but are not limited to neural correlates of consciousness (NCC), brain loop connectivity, and lateralization. This narrative review sheds light on cultural and historical aspects of consciousness in the old and middle ages and introduces some prominent philosophical discussions about mind and body. Also, it illustrates the correlation of brain function with states of consciousness with a focus on the roles of function and connectivity.

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