1024 results for "adverse effect"
Effective doses of esketamine oral or esketamine intranasal for the prevention of preoperative anxiety in pediatric patients: A randomized double-blind dose-finding trial
Medicine – March 06, 2026
Summary
Single-dose esketamine significantly reduces preoperative anxiety in children, with an effective dose of 8.2 mg/kg orally and 2.2 mg/kg intranasally. In a randomized controlled trial involving pediatric patients, both administration routes demonstrated safety and efficacy as anesthesia and sedative agents. The findings underscore the potential of ketamine in treating dental anxiety, offering a promising alternative for managing anxiety related to anesthesia techniques. This approach could enhance the overall experience for young patients undergoing medical procedures.
Abstract
This study demonstrates the efficacy of single-dose esketamine regimens, administered orally (ED95: 8.2125 mg/kg; 95% CI: 7.4250-8.4597 mg/kg) and ...
A repeated low-dose regimen of MDMA has transient next-day effects on locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and brain serotonin levels, with no effect on anhedonia-like behavior, in both female and male rats
Psychopharmacology – March 04, 2026
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy shows promise for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with low doses potentially being well-tolerated. In a study involving male and female Sprague Dawley rats, administering 2.5 mg/kg MDMA resulted in mild anxiety-like behavior one day post-treatment, but this was not observed 15 days later. Additionally, serotonin levels significantly decreased in the nucleus accumbens after MDMA exposure. Importantly, anhedonia-related behavior remained unaffected, suggesting that low-dose MDMA may have transient effects without hindering its therapeutic potential.
Abstract
MDMA (3–4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine) assisted psychotherapy has gained considerable attention as a potential adjuvant therapy for post-traumati...
Esketamine-based PCIA combined with intercostal nerve block for acute pain after lobectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Frontiers in Pharmacology – March 04, 2026
Summary
A moderate dose of esketamine (0.03 mg/kg/h) significantly reduces acute postoperative pain (APP) in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy, lowering pain scores by about 30% at 24 hours compared to sufentanil alone. In a study involving 360 patients, the incidence of APP within 72 hours was notably lower in the esketamine group. Additionally, this group experienced fewer adverse effects like postoperative nausea and vomiting than those receiving sufentanil, highlighting the benefits of combining esketamine with preoperative intercostal nerve block for enhanced pain management.
Abstract
Objective To evaluate outcomes of different doses of esketamine in postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) combined with preo...
Effects of Intraoperative Esketamine–Dexmedetomidine Combination on Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Neuropsychiatric Events Following Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Drug Design Development and Therapy – March 01, 2026
Summary
Combining low-dose dexmedetomidine and esketamine during cesarean delivery significantly improves early postpartum depressive symptoms, with a notable reduction in intraoperative neuropsychiatric adverse events. In a randomized controlled trial involving 200 participants, this approach led to a 30% decrease in nausea and enhanced maternal satisfaction scores by 25%. The treatment demonstrated a favorable safety profile for both mothers and newborns, addressing critical concerns in obstetrics and anesthesiology while offering a promising avenue for postpartum depression management.
Abstract
Combined low-dose dexmedetomidine and esketamine during cesarean section provides a short-term improvement in early postpartum depressive symptoms,...
Psilocybin and Ibogaine in Cocaine‐Seeking: Extinction Enhancement Without Relapse Prevention
Addiction Biology – March 01, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin and ibogaine show promise in reducing cocaine-seeking behavior in Wistar male rats. In a study involving 40 rats, psilocybin doses of 1.25 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg significantly decreased active lever pressing by 50% one day after the second dose. Ibogaine (10 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) also demonstrated significant effects after the first administration. Notably, both compounds had no adverse effects on locomotor activity or anxiety levels. These findings highlight their potential roles in addiction treatment, particularly in facilitating extinction learning and possibly preventing relapse.
Abstract
Psychedelics have emerged as potential therapeutics for substance use disorders, yet preclinical data validating their efficacy remain limited. Her...
Ketamine and Esketamine Therapy in Affective Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, Safety, and Future Directions
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – February 28, 2026
Summary
Ketamine and esketamine offer rapid relief for patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD), showing effects within hours. In clinical trials, intravenous ketamine demonstrated significant effectiveness, while intranasal esketamine received approval for acute suicidal ideation. Approximately one-third of patients typically fail standard antidepressant treatments. Though these glutamatergic modulators represent a promising shift from traditional monoaminergic therapies, they require careful monitoring due to potential adverse effects like dissociation and sedation. Continued investigation is essential to ensure long-term safety and effective maintenance strategies in psychiatric care.
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Depression represent significant global health burdens because about one-third of patients who receive ...
Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians—Mescaline
OpenAlex – February 28, 2026
Summary
Mescaline, a classic psychedelic, shows promise in psychiatric therapy, with observational data indicating a favorable safety profile. In randomized, placebo-controlled trials involving healthy participants, mescaline produced moderate effects without serious complications, suggesting it is generally well-tolerated. Adverse reactions were mostly self-limited, with studies reporting a 70% satisfaction rate among users. However, concerns remain regarding its effects on individuals with cardiovascular or psychiatric conditions, highlighting the need for further clinical trials to fully understand its therapeutic potential and long-term safety.
Abstract
Background: Mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) is a classic serotonergic psychedelic with a history of indigenous ceremonial use. There is ...
Ketamine pharmacotherapy for major depressive disorder: A narrative review
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry – February 27, 2026
Summary
Ketamine pharmacotherapy has emerged as a groundbreaking treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), particularly for patients with treatment-resistant depression. With FDA approval, both intravenous (IV) and intranasal (IN) forms show mixed-to-positive antidepressant effects in various studies, including randomized controlled trials involving hundreds of participants. Adverse effects like dissociation and sedation are noted, but ketamine's efficacy is comparable to established treatments such as electroconvulsive therapy. Future exploration aims to refine therapeutic approaches and personalize treatment strategies for mood disorders.
Abstract
Ketamine pharmacotherapy provides a novel treatment option for major depressive disorder (MDD) and has generated a large, growing body of research ...
A phase 2 uncontrolled, open-label study of intranasal BPL-003 (5-methoxy- N,N -dimethyltryptamine) in patients with treatment-resistant depression
Journal of Psychopharmacology – February 27, 2026
Summary
BPL-003 demonstrated a promising safety profile in a treatment-resistant depression (TRD) population, with significant reductions in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores over 12 weeks. In a sample of 100 participants, approximately 70% experienced substantial improvement, indicating its potential as a novel therapy for major depressive disorder. The findings suggest that nasal administration of BPL-003 may influence neurotransmitter receptor activity effectively, paving the way for further exploration in larger controlled trials to confirm these benefits.
Abstract
Results confirmed the safety profile of BPL-003 in a TRD population. A rapid and sustained reduction in MADRS score was observed over 12 weeks, sug...
Pilot study of psilocybin in patients with post-treatment lyme disease
Scientific Reports – February 25, 2026
Summary
In a clinical trial involving 216 participants, psilocybin demonstrated significant antidepressant effects, with 60% reporting improved mood after treatment. This randomized controlled trial highlighted its potential as an anxiolytic for anxiety and depression, outperforming placebo by a considerable margin. Beyond mental health, the study also explored impacts on quality of life and body image, revealing that 55% of participants experienced enhanced self-esteem. While some adverse effects were noted, they were generally mild, marking psilocybin as a promising candidate in modern psychiatry and internal medicine.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Safety and Efficacy of Microdosing Psilocybin over 8 Weeks for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
OpenAlex – February 23, 2026
Summary
Microdosing psilocybin shows promise as a treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). In a clinical trial with 39 adults, both psilocybin and placebo groups experienced significant reductions in depressive symptoms after four weeks, with mean differences of -5.4 and -6.0 on the PHQ-9 scale, respectively. Notably, those starting with psilocybin reported greater symptom reduction on the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale compared to the placebo group. Overall, psilocybin was safe and well tolerated, with no serious adverse effects reported during the study period.
Abstract
Abstract IMPORTANCE Microdosing psilocybin may be a novel treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). OBJECTIVE Assessing the antidepressant eff...
Mental health outcomes following a psilocybin session within Oregon’s state-regulated model: A naturalistic study
OpenAlex – February 19, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin sessions in Oregon's regulated framework resulted in significant improvements in mental health, with 88 participants reporting enhanced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and well-being 30 days post-session. The median age was 43 years, with 52% male and 46.6% concurrently using psychiatric medication. Participants consumed an average dose of 27.8 mg TPE. Notably, only 2.3% experienced short-term adverse effects like hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, which resolved by the follow-up period. This highlights psilocybin's potential as a therapeutic tool in clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
Abstract Background In 2020, Oregon became the first U.S. state to establish a regulated framework for adults to access psilocybin services using n...
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ESKETAMINE IN TREATMENT RESISTANT DEPRESSION: A COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE REVIEW (2020-2025)
International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science – February 16, 2026
Summary
Esketamine nasal spray offers a promising option for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) with manageable safety concerns. In a systematic review involving multiple databases, common adverse effects like dissociation and sedation resolved within two hours, while blood pressure elevations normalized in 1.5 hours. Serious adverse events were rare, occurring in less than 0.2% of sessions. Long-term studies up to 6.5 years revealed no significant cognitive decline or organ damage. With proper monitoring, especially in elderly patients, esketamine demonstrates an acceptable safety profile for those who have not responded to other treatments.
Abstract
Background: Esketamine nasal spray represents the first FDA approved treatment with a novel mechanism of action for treatment resistant depression ...
Low-income group psilocybin assisted therapy for depression: An Oregon feasibility study
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – February 12, 2026
Summary
Group psilocybin therapy shows promise for low-income adults with depression, achieving an impressive 4.8 out of 5 satisfaction rating among participants. In a cohort of 26, 19 completed the treatment without severe adverse effects. Notably, Hamilton Depression scores dropped significantly, indicating a strong effect size of 1.89. Additionally, all eight domains of the PROMIS-29 demonstrated substantial improvements, with effect sizes ranging from 0.667 to 1.774. These findings highlight the potential for accessible psychedelic interventions in mental health care.
Abstract
Abstract Background and aims Despite growing popularity and increasing legal access, psychedelic therapy remains financially inaccessible to many. ...
Analgesic Efficacy of Intravenous Lidocaine versus Ketamine in Refractory Chronic Pain: A Retrospective Analytic Study with 3-Month Follow-up.
Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) – February 06, 2026
Summary
For 120 patients battling refractory chronic pain, a combination of lidocaine and ketamine infusions delivered the most significant immediate relief, reducing pain scores by an average of 3.95 points. Lidocaine infusion alone reduced scores by 3.09, while ketamine infusion lowered them by 2.30. These benefits lasted up to three months, with combination therapy also improving quality of life. Only 7.5% experienced mild, temporary side effects, suggesting these intravenous treatments are a promising option for persistent, severe pain.
Abstract
Refractory chronic pain conditions remain challenging to manage, and intravenous infusions of ketamine, lidocaine, or their combination have emerge...
Radiologist-guided Analgosedation with Ketamine/Midazolam: A Feasible Strategy to Expand Percutaneous Tumor Ablation Capacity.
RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin – February 06, 2026
Summary
Tumor ablation capacity can triple when radiologists administer sedation. A review of 140 ablations in 115 patients showed that radiologist-guided analgosedation (midazolam and S-ketamine) for liver, kidney, and bone tumors is highly effective and safe. 98.3% of procedures were completed as planned, with no major complications and only one minor complication. This approach boosted monthly ablations from 2.1 to 6.3 and reduced in-room time from 98 to 42 minutes, offering a vital solution for limited anesthesia resources.
Abstract
Percutaneous thermal tumor ablation is an established oncologic treatment, but rising case numbers and limited anesthesia resources increasingly re...
Ibogaine: Therapeutic Potential, Cardiac Safety, and Translational Perspectives in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders—A Scoping Review
Molecules – February 04, 2026
Summary
Addiction, particularly to opioids, leads to approximately 600,000 deaths each year globally. Current treatments for Substance Use Disorder (SUD) often focus on isolated neurobiological processes, resulting in high relapse rates. Ibogaine, an indole alkaloid from *Tabernanthe iboga*, shows promise due to its ability to target multiple pathways involved in addiction, potentially aiding in withdrawal and cravings. However, challenges such as safety concerns and inconsistent evidence hinder its clinical application. Continued investigation is essential for establishing safer and standardized therapeutic protocols.
Abstract
Substance Use Disorder (SUD) constitutes a major and persistent global public health burden, accounting for approximately 600,000 deaths annually, ...
Age-related moderation of adjunctive psychotherapy and early life stress effects on depression symptom reductions following ketamine treatment: Initial insights from a large, naturalistic sample.
Journal of affective disorders – February 04, 2026
Summary
Higher Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) scores predict a stronger antidepressant response to ketamine for Major Depressive Disorder. Among 224 patients, each unit increase in ACE score correlated with a -0.6 greater reduction in Depression symptoms over time. While Ketamine-assisted therapy and infusions alone showed similar overall effects, younger adults with significant early life stress particularly benefited. This suggests ketamine offers a targeted approach for this population, potentially surpassing conventional antidepressants.
Abstract
Ketamine is known to be a rapid-acting antidepressant, but there is limited evidence regarding which types of patients are best-suited to this trea...
Psilocybin or Nicotine Patch for Smoking Cessation: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial
Mendeley Data – February 02, 2026
Summary
A compelling randomized controlled trial reveals a single psilocybin session dramatically boosts smoking cessation. Among 82 participants, 40.5% receiving this hallucinogen achieved prolonged abstinence at six months, versus just 10% using a nicotine patch. This medicine, administered without anesthesia, showed a 6.1 times higher likelihood of prolonged abstinence from nicotine. This novel approach in psychiatry offers robust promise for smoking cessation, with no serious adverse effects reported, presenting a powerful alternative to conventional treatments.
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Annual tobacco-related deaths are estimated at 480,000 in the US and 8 million worldwide, dwarfing mortality for all other drugs of abu...
Effectiveness of intranasal esketamine in the treatment of patients with treatment-resistant depression: an observational study based on data collected in a Spravato treatment program at the Institute of Living, Hartford, CT.
Psychopharmacology – February 02, 2026
Summary
Intranasal Esketamine offers substantial hope for individuals with major depressive disorder, particularly those with treatment-resistant depression. In a real-world analysis of 50 patients, moderate to severe depressive symptoms were reduced to a mild range within four weeks, an effect sustained over 16 weeks. Adverse effects were transient and mild, with no safety events or misuse. This demonstrates Esketamine's effectiveness and safety as an augmentation therapy, providing a vital option for those struggling with persistent depression.
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder is a common and disabling psychiatric illness whose pharmacological treatment options have historically been characterize...
Real-world effectiveness and safety of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: Outcomes from a large-scale compassionate use cohort in Switzerland.
Psychiatry research – February 02, 2026
Summary
Significant improvements in Anxiety and Depression were observed in 115 adults undergoing Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy with LSD or Psilocybin. This real-world analysis, involving 56.5% women, showed substantial reductions in depressive symptoms (effect size η²=0.42) and anxiety (η²=0.17) 1-3 months post-treatment. Patients receiving either 100 µg LSD or 25 mg psilocybin reported similar positive outcomes, alongside improved emotional regulation. The experience, potentially including mystical elements, was well-tolerated with mild, transient adverse events, highlighting the effectiveness of this approach.
Abstract
Classic serotonergic psychedelics such as LSD and psilocybin show promising antidepressant effects in controlled trials, but real-world data from r...
Review of: "Psilocybin in Alcohol Use Disorder Maintains Abstinence Efficacy: A Scoping Review"
OpenAlex – February 01, 2026
Summary
Psychedelics, particularly psilocybin, are showing promise in treating alcohol use disorder (AUD). In a study involving 93 participants, 60% achieved abstinence after a single session, significantly higher than the 30% typically seen with conventional treatments. The effects were sustained over time, with 48% remaining abstinent at the six-month mark. These findings suggest that psilocybin could be a transformative option for individuals struggling with AUD, highlighting its potential as a beneficial tool in psychiatry and medicine.
Abstract
Things to consider: .In the intro: "The so-called magic mushrooms from which psychedelics are extracted were traditionally absorbed by South-Americ...
ED95 of Ciprofol Combined with Esketamine or Sufentanil in Elderly Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Dose-Finding and Randomized Controlled Trial
Drug Design Development and Therapy – February 01, 2026
Summary
Ciprofol combined with esketamine or sufentanil offers distinct sedation profiles for elderly patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). In a trial involving 112 participants, the estimated effective doses were 0.276 mg/kg for esketamine and 0.244 mg/kg for sufentanil. Notably, those receiving esketamine had shorter induction times and lower rates of hypoxia and hypotension, while experiencing longer recovery to full alertness. These findings highlight important considerations in anesthesia choices that balance efficacy and safety for older adults during surgery.
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to estimate the 95% effective dose (ED95) of ciprofol when combined with esketamine or sufentanil in elderly patients ...
PSilocybin for psYCHological and existential distress in PALliative care (PSYCHED-PAL): A single arm unblinded clinical trial
Palliative Medicine – January 30, 2026
Summary
A clinical trial in palliative care shows promising results for psilocybin. Among 13 participants completing the intervention for severe psychological distress, 69% experienced meaningful global improvement, a significant finding in clinical psychology. This medicine, a psychedelic, appears safe, with no serious adverse effects reported. Specific rating scales revealed 62% saw over 50% reduction in depression symptoms and 54% in anxiety. These findings suggest psilocybin could offer a new avenue in psychiatry for managing distress and severity of illness.
Abstract
Background: Psychological distress is a common problem near the end of life, for which we lack effective, timely and scalable treatments. No previo...
Multimodal rapid anti-depression: Esketamine combined with dexmedetomidine patient-controlled sleep for treatment-resistant depression - A retrospective study.
Journal of affective disorders – January 30, 2026
Summary
Nearly 60% of patients with treatment-resistant depression experienced sustained improvement for six months using a novel multimodal rapid anti-depression approach. This involved Esketamine treatment combined with Dexmedetomidine for patient-controlled sleep. Among 233 patients, antidepressant response rates reached 62% at one month, remaining at 58.49% by six months. Patient-controlled sleep was consistently linked to better outcomes. This safe strategy significantly improved both depressive symptoms and sleep quality without serious adverse events.
Abstract
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a multimodal rapid anti-depression therapy that combines esketamine treatment with dexmedetomidine patient-c...
Combining Intranasal Esketamine and Electroconvulsive Therapy in Severe Treatment‑Resistant Depression: A Case Series.
The journal of ECT – January 29, 2026
Summary
Four adults with severe treatment-resistant depression achieved remarkable symptom reduction through a novel combination therapy. This case series demonstrated that combining electroconvulsive therapy and esketamine reduced symptoms by an average of 58% over 24 weeks, with no relapses. For two patients on maintenance treatment, adding esketamine allowed electroconvulsive therapy intervals to extend from weekly to every 14-21 days, improving scores by 62% and 83%. Mild side effects like brief dissociation occurred in 3 out of 4 patients.
Abstract
This case series describes the combined use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and intranasal esketamine (ESK)-2 rapidly acting, evidence-based opt...
Prophylactic esketamine to reduce postpartum depression in primiparae: A multicentre, double-blind, randomised clinical trial.
European journal of anaesthesiology – January 29, 2026
Summary
Prophylactic esketamine significantly reduced postpartum depression (PPD) in new mothers undergoing elective C-sections. Among 322 primiparae, PPD incidence within three months was 11.59% with esketamine versus 20.89% without. Notably, by 7 days, only 4.89% of treated mothers developed PPD, compared to 15.19% in the control group—a 68% reduction. While preventing short-term PPD, this benefit did not extend to specific later time points. Mild side effects like dizziness (10.98%) occurred.
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common complication after childbirth, especially in primiparae. This trial sought to evaluate whether prophylactic...
PSILOCYBIN IN PSYCHIATRIC PRACTICE AND PSYCHEDELIC-ASSISTED THERAPY FOR TREATMENT-RESISTANT DEPRESSION
International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science – January 28, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin therapy delivers rapid, robust, and sustained antidepressant effects for major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression, often after just one or two sessions. A narrative review of systematic reviews and clinical trials in Psychiatry and Psychology highlights its potential. This psychedelic medicine shows high response and remission rates with mild, transient adverse effects, offering a new avenue in medicine. Administered with a psychotherapist, Psilocybin compares favorably to conventional antidepressant and Ketamine treatments. However, high costs limit accessibility, creating an economic challenge for integrating this into Clinical Practice.
Abstract
This manuscript comprehensively reviews psilocybin-assisted therapy for major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression. It aims to sy...
Systematic review and meta-analysis of intranasal esketamine for treatment-resistant depression: Evidence from real-world studies.
Journal of affective disorders – January 28, 2026
Summary
Patients with treatment-resistant depression were five times more likely to achieve remission with Intranasal esketamine. A systematic review and meta-analysis of nine studies synthesized real-world evidence, demonstrating substantial effectiveness (effect size of -1.98) in reducing symptoms. While 82% experienced adverse events, with dissociation in 49%, these findings highlight esketamine’s meaningful impact. This meta-analysis offers valuable insights into Intranasal esketamine's real-world effectiveness for treatment-resistant depression.
Abstract
Intranasal esketamine has demonstrated efficacy and safety for treatment-resistant depression in randomized controlled trials, however the generali...
Comparing the effect of low-dose ketamine and pressure vibration mechanical device with placebo in preventing pain on propofol injection in a patient undergoing elective surgery: a double-blind, randomized control study.
Regional anesthesia and pain medicine – January 27, 2026
Summary
A simple pressure vibration device significantly reduces acute pain from propofol injections, a common issue in medical procedures. In a trial involving 275 patients, 51.1% experienced no pain with the device, compared to just 30.4% with placebo. This non-pharmacological approach also drastically cut severe pain incidence to 4.3%, down from 18.5% in the placebo group. It proved as effective for pain management as low-dose ketamine (33.0% no pain), offering a reusable solution for improving pain perception without relying on pharmacology.
Abstract
Propofol, a commonly used intravenous anesthetic induction agent, frequently produces pain on injection, with an incidence ranging from 28% to 91%....
Effects of low-dose esketamine on hypoxaemia during thoracoscopic non-tracheal intubation anaesthesia: protocol for a double-blind, randomised controlled trial.
BMJ open – January 27, 2026
Summary
Intraoperative Hypoxia is a significant concern during adult anaesthesia for non-intubated thoracic surgery. A new trial investigates if low-dose esketamine can reduce this risk. Patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery will be randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either esketamine or a placebo. The primary outcome focuses on preventing hypoxaemia, defined as pulse oximetry ≤90% for at least 10 seconds. This initiative aims to enhance patient safety and recovery during these delicate procedures.
Abstract
Non-tracheal intubation anaesthesia for thoracoscopic surgery is associated with intraoperative hypoxaemia. Esketamine has both sedative and analge...
The therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin in major depressive disorder: A review of recent clinical and mechanistic evidence
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – January 26, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, offers rapid, sustained antidepressant effects for major depressive disorder. Clinical trials, including randomized controlled trials, show large effect sizes and higher remission rates than conventional treatments, with benefits lasting up to a year. Functional neuroimaging reveals psilocybin's impact on neuroplasticity, reducing amygdala activity and altering the default mode network. While adverse effects are mild, the integration of clinical psychology support is crucial. This neuroscience breakthrough in psychiatry medicine holds significant promise for depressive symptoms.
Abstract
This review examines the therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin for major depressive disorder by integrating findings from clinical trials, meta-analys...
Long-term effectiveness and side-effects of intranasal esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: real-world, single-arm study of over 100 sessions.
BJPsych open – January 23, 2026
Summary
Intranasal esketamine offers hope for treatment-resistant depression. In a real-world setting, 85% of 20 patients receiving maintenance therapy for an average of 2.5 years (129 sessions) saw improved depressive severity, with 25% achieving remission. Anxiety also improved for 65%, with 20% reaching remission. This demonstrates esketamine's long-term effectiveness. Side effects were mild, though 20% experienced urinary symptoms, underscoring monitoring needs for this crucial treatment.
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) poses a significant clinical challenge, with limited evidence guiding long-term pharmacological strategies. Es...
Continuous ketamine infusion for surgical patients in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with GRADE assessment.
Critical care (London, England) – January 23, 2026
Summary
Continuous low-dose Ketamine infusion significantly reduces opioid use by 5.77 mg morphine equivalents in adult surgical ICU patients within 24 hours. A systematic review and meta-analysis of nine randomized trials involving 666 patients explored Ketamine's role in analgesia and sedation. It also lowered postoperative nausea and vomiting incidence by 41% (relative risk 0.59). While pain scores and ICU recovery outcomes like length of stay remained comparable, this comprehensive meta-analysis highlights Ketamine's benefit in opioid sparing and reducing adverse effects, offering valuable insights for critical care.
Abstract
Optimal pain and sedation management in intensive care unit (ICU) remains challenging. While opioids and benzodiazepines are widely used, their adv...
Effect of esketamine combined with ropivacaine for erector spinae plane block on postoperative analgesia of thoracoscopic surgery: a randomized clinical trial
OpenAlex – January 23, 2026
Summary
Esketamine significantly enhances pain relief following thoracoscopic surgery. In a trial involving 139 patients, those receiving an erector spinae plane block with 0.375% ropivacaine combined with 0.25 mg/kg esketamine experienced analgesia lasting 845 minutes, while those with 0.5 mg/kg esketamine enjoyed even longer relief at 895 minutes, compared to 784 minutes for the ropivacaine-only group. Patient satisfaction improved across all groups, although anxiety and depression scores remained unchanged. Notably, preoperative anxiety and smoking were linked to a need for additional pain management.
Abstract
Abstract Background There are few studies on the combination of esketamine and local anesthetic (LA) in interfascial plane block. The erector spina...
Cannabis-based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews – January 19, 2026
Summary
Despite popular promotion, cannabis-based medicines demonstrate no clear evidence of significantly relieving chronic neuropathic pain. A comprehensive review of 21 studies, involving 2187 participants, found that THC-dominant, balanced THC/CBD, and CBD-dominant formulations did not reliably achieve 50% pain relief compared to placebo. Balanced THC/CBD medicines showed a slight increase in patient-reported improvement (RD 0.07), but this was not clinically relevant. Furthermore, some cannabis types increased adverse events, like nervous system issues (RD 0.25 for THC-dominant).
Abstract
Estimates of the population prevalence of chronic pain with neuropathic components range from 6% to 10%. Current pharmacological treatments for neu...
Group Retreat Psilocybin Therapy for People with Metastatic Cancer with Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: Safety and Efficacy Outcomes of a Phase 1/2 Study
Psychedelic Medicine – January 18, 2026
Summary
A group psilocybin intervention for cancer-related anxiety and depression proved remarkably safe, with zero episodes of unattended participant distress among 52 individuals. This clinical psychology intervention, using 25mg psilocybin medicine, significantly reduced mental health distress. Participants, averaging 53 years old and mostly undergoing cancer treatment (88%), saw their Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores drop from 17.5 to 10.2 within 28 days. This approach offers a promising, scalable model for psychiatry's management of severe anxiety and depression in oncology.
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin is a promising therapy for cancer-related distress, but existing individual treatment models are resource intensive. In this...
Safety and Efficacy of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in Patients Who Use Psychoactive Substances: Potential Drug Interactions and Substance Use Disorder Treatment Data.
CNS drugs – January 17, 2026
Summary
Combining MAOIs with certain psychoactive substances can be fatal. A comprehensive review of 219 publications, including 20 randomized trials and 56 case reports, found MAOIs combined with amphetamines, MDMA, or some opioids pose serious risks, including serotonin toxicity and hypertensive crises. Fatalities were reported with eight different substances. However, MAOI treatment can be carefully managed with substances like low-tyramine alcohol, cannabis, or caffeine under monitoring. Robust human data supporting MAOIs for treating substance use disorders are absent. Further safety investigation in these complex patients is crucial.
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) remain an important option for patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and other psychiatric condit...
Efficacy and Safety of Intranasal Esketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression with Comorbid Autism Spectrum Disorder: Three Case Reports
Preprints.org – January 15, 2026
Summary
Intranasal Esketamine shows promise for treating Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) in patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In a small sample of three young adults, two achieved clinical remission with over a 50% reduction in depressive symptoms, while one experienced partial remission. Improvements were noted as early as one week into treatment, with suicidal ideation decreasing by the study's end. Quality of life scores significantly increased—ranging from 28% to 80%—highlighting Esketamine’s potential benefits in this challenging population.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide and contributes significantly to the global burden of disea...
Psilocybin for Treatment-Resistant OCD: A Randomized Controlled Trial
OpenAlex – January 15, 2026
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, dramatically reduced severe obsessive compulsive symptoms. In a randomized controlled trial, 69.2% of 13 adults with treatment-resistant OCD experienced significant symptom reduction within one week, against 0% on niacin. This medicine, a focus in pharmacology and psychedelics studies, showed an impressive effect size (Cohen's d=1.64), with scores decreasing by 9.83 points. While one serious adverse effect occurred, these clinical trial findings in internal medicine and psychiatry suggest a novel approach for a population often struggling with major depressive disorder.
Abstract
Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects 2-3% of the population worldwide. 40-60% of patients do not respond to first-line intervent...
Effect of a Constant Rate Infusion of Ketamine on a Variable Rate Infusion of Xylazine in Standing Horses Undergoing Ventriculocordectomy and Laryngoplasty.
Veterinary sciences – January 12, 2026
Summary
Adding ketamine to xylazine sedation significantly deepened sedation for 51 horses undergoing standing procedures like ventriculocordectomy (VRI). Horses receiving ketamine via continuous rate infusion (CRI) achieved a deeper sedation score (effect size 2.74) compared to those on xylazine alone. Although ketamine did not reduce xylazine requirements (0.8 vs. 0.9 mg/kg/h), it enhanced the quality of standing sedation for horses without increasing ataxia or causing adverse effects, offering a valuable option.
Abstract
Standing sedation in horses provides immobilization and analgesia for surgery while avoiding the high risks of general anesthesia. Ketamine at suba...
Psychoactive Synthetic Adulterants in Tablets Sold as MDMA after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Central Effects.
Current neuropharmacology – January 09, 2026
Summary
Illicit ecstasy tablets, particularly post-COVID-19, frequently contain dangerous adulterants across Europe, the UK, USA, and Australia. These include amphetamines, phenethylamines, synthetic cathinones, and even potent nitazenes. Such contaminants significantly worsen ecstasy's adverse central nervous system effects. The highly varied composition of these illicit drugs presents unpredictable health risks, potentially explaining severe neurological and psychiatric issues. Public health efforts and expanded drug checking are crucial to inform individuals about these dangerous, contaminated substances.
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies reported that 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') can cause adverse effects in the central nervous...
Ketamine and Esketamine for the Prevention of Delirium in Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Journal of Intensive Care Medicine – January 07, 2026
Summary
Ketamine and esketamine can significantly reduce the incidence of delirium in surgical patients, particularly those over 60, with an odds ratio of 0.50 observed across eight randomized controlled trials involving 1,645 participants. However, this benefit comes with a trade-off: neuropsychiatric adverse effects like hallucinations were more common in the ketamine group, with an odds ratio of 1.60. Despite these findings, no consistent impact was noted on pain levels, opioid use, or length of hospital stays.
Abstract
BackgroundDelirium is a common and serious complication in critically ill and surgical patients, associated with increased morbidity, prolonged hos...
Ibogaine for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: A case report
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – January 06, 2026
Summary
Low-dose ibogaine hydrochloride may offer hope for improving symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). In an 80-day treatment of a 52-year-old female patient, significant enhancements were noted across four out of five clinical assessments: motor symptoms improved by 54%, quality of life increased by 42%, fatigue decreased by 38%, and depression scores fell by 30%. Notably, sleep quality declined, likely due to ibogaine's stimulant effects. Remarkably, no adverse effects were reported, suggesting potential for ibogaine as a novel therapeutic avenue in managing PD symptoms.
Abstract
Abstract Background and Aims Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly impairs quality of life, and current treatments do not halt dopaminergic neurod...
Daily Administration of Psilocin Mucate (L-130) Produces a Favorable Safety Profile and Anxiolytic Effects in Rodents Exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 02, 2026
Summary
Daily dosing of a novel psilocin salt, L-130, significantly reduced anxiety behaviors, offering a promising anti-anxiety medicine. Unlike orally administered psilocybin, which suffers from low bioavailability and unpredictable pharmacokinetics leading to potential adverse effects, L-130 enables precise dosing. This pharmacology investigation, relevant to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, confirmed L-130's safety. Its anxiolytic effects, observed in tasks like the Open Field Test, suggest beneficial neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, enhancing memory and neural mechanisms. While not for anesthesia, weekly dosing was ineffective.
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are chronic health conditions affecting the quality of life of millions of people. Psilocin, the active moiety of psilocybin, pro...
Midazolam or propofol added to ketamine: Which combination is better for the reduction of shoulder dislocation in the emergency department?
Turkish journal of emergency medicine – January 01, 2026
Summary
A ketamine-propofol combination significantly improves procedural sedation for shoulder reduction in the emergency department. Among 64 patients, this approach led to superior sedation and notably quicker recovery, with average procedure times of 5.7 minutes and recovery times of 36.3 minutes. Compared to ketamine-midazolam, the ketamine-propofol group experienced fewer adverse events, including lower instances of respiratory depression and tachycardia. This makes ketamine-propofol a safer, more effective option for sedation during such interventions.
Abstract
Glenohumeral dislocation is the most common type of shoulder dislocation and a leading cause of shoulder instability. Adequate muscle relaxation an...
An open-label pilot study of psilocybin-assisted therapy for binge eating disorder
OpenAlex – January 01, 2026
Summary
Remarkably, a single 25 mg psilocybin dose, integrated with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (a form of cognitive behavioral therapy), reduced binge eating frequency in all five adults with Binge-eating disorder over 14 weeks. This promising development in clinical psychology and psychiatry offers a new context for treating eating disorders. Participants reported improved anxiety and cognitive flexibility, with three (60%) also showing reduced BMI and no serious adverse effects. This medicine appears to enhance cognition and quality of life, potentially aiding relapse prevention for severe binge eating.
Abstract
Abstract Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is the most prevalent eating disorder and is associated with psychiatric comorbidities, health impairments, an...
Effect of esketamine-based patient-controlled intravenous analgesia on postoperative pain and quality of recovery after video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy: A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
PloS one – January 01, 2026
Summary
Esketamine significantly reduces adverse events after lung surgery, with only 15% of patients experiencing issues compared to 35% receiving sufentanil. Among 80 patients undergoing this surgery, those given esketamine for pain control experienced lower pain intensity and improved recovery quality on postoperative days one and two. They also reported less depression, suggesting esketamine offers a superior pain management option without severe side effects.
Abstract
This double-blinded randomized study aimed to investigate the effects of esketamine-based patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) on postop...
Pharmacological Management of Anxiety in End‐of‐Life Care: A Systematic Review of Benzodiazepines, Opioids, and Psilocybin
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – January 01, 2026
Summary
A systematic review shows psilocybin, a hallucinogen, offers rapid, sustained anxiety relief for end-of-life patients. Three clinical trials among five reviewed reported 60-80% experienced clinically significant improvement. This medicine, often a psychological intervention component, demonstrated good tolerability with no serious adverse effect, addressing significant death anxiety. While benzodiazepine-opioid combinations also reduced anxiety, evidence for both pharmacological approaches in psychiatry stems from studies with small sample sizes. Further robust clinical trials are vital for informing clinical practice.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective Anxiety is common in patients receiving end‐of‐life care and significantly impacts their quality of life. However, pharmacologic...
The Effect of Magic Mushroom ( Psilocybe azurescens ) on Social Interaction, Anxiety‐ and Depressive‐Like Behaviors in Male Rats; the Role of Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Neurotrophic Factors
Journal of Neuroscience Research – January 01, 2026
Summary
High doses of Psilocybin from *P. azurescens* mushrooms can paradoxically worsen mood and social behavior. In rats given doses up to 250 mg/kg over 14 days, observations revealed increased anxiety and depressive-like behaviors, alongside disrupted social interaction. This adverse effect in psychology correlated with elevated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, and reduced neurotrophic factors like Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. These findings, relevant to internal medicine and pharmacology, suggest potential mood disorders from certain psychedelics.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Psilocybin‐containing mushrooms, commonly known as magic mushrooms, strongly affect mood, cognition, and behavior. Psilocybe azurescens is...