12 results for "deuterium"
Isotopic DMT as a Probe of Spinorial Consciousness
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – March 11, 2026
Summary
A groundbreaking protocol aims to test the hypothesis that psychedelics like DMT influence consciousness through a radical pair mechanism at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. By creating isotopically labeled variants (13C-DMT and 15N-DMT), the study modifies nuclear spins while preserving key molecular properties. With a sample size of 100 mice, deuterium substitution shows a significant Kinetic Isotope Effect (∆m = +100%), while 13C and 15N substitutions yield negligible effects (∆m = +8% and +7%, respectively). Observed changes in psychedelic experiences could provide direct evidence for this mechanism.
Abstract
We propose a decisive experimental protocol to test the hypothesis that the psychedelic state involves the radical pair mechanism (RPM) operating a...
Synthesis and Characterization of Psilocybin Metabolites and Deuterated Analogs
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – March 03, 2026
Summary
Psilocin emerged as the standout compound, demonstrating significant binding to seven serotonin receptor subtypes in a study involving multiple metabolites of psilocybin. The investigation synthesized major metabolites, including psilocin-O-glucuronide and 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (4-HIAA), alongside minor variants and deuterium-labeled derivatives. This comprehensive approach not only aids in clinical trials but also enhances accessibility for researchers exploring the pharmacology of psychedelics. With high costs and complex preparation processes, these findings offer valuable resources for advancing studies in forensic toxicology and drug analysis.
Abstract
To support ongoing clinical trials, the major human metabolites of psilocybin were synthesized on a preparative scale, specifically psilocin-O-gluc...
Distinguishing 4- vs 5-Hydroxy- N , N -Dimethyltryptamine (Psilocin vs Bufotenine) Using Hydrogen–Deuterium Back-Exchange
Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry – December 30, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking method distinguishes between isomers of hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, such as psilocin and bufotenine, by leveraging differences in their acidity (pKa) related to ring positions. Using hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX), the study demonstrated that only 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine significantly exchanged deuterium within hours. This innovative approach, with implications for analytical chemistry and forensic toxicology, relies on high-resolution mass spectrometry to monitor kinetic exchange rates, offering a reliable means to differentiate structural isomers without needing external reference data or specific instrument configurations.
Abstract
Distinguishing metabolite isomers often relies on comparing relative data, such as relative chromatographic retention times and ion mobility arriva...
Discovery and In Vitro Characterization of SPL028: Deuterated N,N-Dimethyltryptamine.
ACS medicinal chemistry letters – September 14, 2023
Summary
Scientists have discovered a modified version of DMT that lasts longer in the body while maintaining its therapeutic potential. By replacing specific hydrogen atoms with deuterium (a heavier form of hydrogen), researchers created D2-DMT, which breaks down more slowly than regular DMT while keeping the same beneficial interactions with brain receptors. This advancement could make DMT-based treatments more practical and effective for depression.
Abstract
The psychedelic N,N- dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is in clinical development for the treatment of major depressive disorder. However, when administered...
Conformational dynamics of the human serotonin transporter during substrate and drug binding.
Nature communications – April 11, 2019
Summary
The brain's serotonin transporter, a key target for antidepressants, dynamically shifts its shape to regulate mood. Using advanced mass spectrometry, scientists observed how this vital protein changes form when interacting with serotonin, essential ions, and various drugs like citalopram or cocaine. These direct observations reveal specific structural responses, significantly advancing our understanding of how this transporter works. This insight is crucial for developing better treatments for depression and anxiety.
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT), a member of the neurotransmitter:sodium symporter family, is responsible for termination of serotonergic signalin...
Determination of Buprenorphine, Fentanyl and LSD in Whole Blood by UPLC-MS-MS
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – February 18, 2013
Summary
A highly sensitive method for quantifying buprenorphine, fentanyl, and LSD in whole blood has been established, achieving detection limits of 0.28 ng/mL for buprenorphine, 0.044 ng/mL for fentanyl, and 0.0097 ng/mL for LSD. Utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS) with ammonium formate and methanol, this technique effectively reduces matrix effects during sample preparation. Since its implementation in September 2011, over 400 blood samples have been analyzed, demonstrating its reliability in forensic toxicology and drug analysis applications.
Abstract
A sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS) method has been developed and validated for the quantific...
Behavioral effects of α,α,β,β-tetradeutero-5-MeO-DMT in rats: comparison with 5-MeO-DMT administered in combination with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.
Psychopharmacology – June 01, 2012
Summary
How the body processes natural compounds dictates their lasting impact. Scientists explored if the unique, prolonged effects of a psychoactive substance, observed when its breakdown is slowed, are due to extended action. Using a specially modified, metabolism-resistant version of the compound in rats, they successfully replicated the full biphasic behavioral pattern: an initial calming followed by increased activity. This shows that reduced breakdown enables the compound to engage brain receptors longer, providing a valuable tool for studying such compounds.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive tea prepared from a combination of plants that contain a hallucinogenic tryptamine and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MA...
Synthesis of deuterium labeled standards of 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (5‐Meo‐DMT)
Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals – August 14, 2006
Summary
A successful synthesis of 5-[2H3]-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine achieved a yield of 80% using the Batcho-Leimgruber strategy. Starting from 5-hydroxy-2-nitrotoluene, the process involved key reactions with oxalyl chloride, dimethylamine, and lithium aluminum hydride. Analytical chemistry techniques, including chromatography, were essential for monitoring the chemical reactions. This work highlights advancements in medicinal chemistry and combinatorial chemistry, showcasing how organic chemistry can lead to significant biological evaluations of new compounds.
Abstract
Abstract The Batcho‐Leimgruber strategy was employed to synthesize 5‐[ 2 H 3 ]‐methoxy‐1 H ‐indole 4 from commercially available 5‐hydroxy‐2‐nitrot...
A facile method for the preparation of deuterium labeled salvinorin A: synthesis of [2,2,2-2H3]-salvinorin A.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters – October 18, 2004
Summary
Salvinorin A, a unique compound showing promise for stimulant abuse treatment, has been challenging to monitor within the body. To advance its therapeutic potential, understanding its metabolic journey is crucial. Researchers successfully devised a straightforward method to synthesize a specialized, "labeled" form of Salvinorin A. This new compound proved highly effective as an internal standard, enabling reliable detection of Salvinorin A and its breakdown products in biological samples using advanced analytical methods. This achievement provides a vital tool for its future development.
Abstract
Salvinorin A is a novel hallucinogen isolated from the widely available leaves of Salvia divinorum. Based on its mechanism of action, salvinorin A ...
Determination of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), iso-LSD, and N-demethyl-LSD in body fluids by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Analytical Chemistry – July 15, 1992
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) detection methods have achieved remarkable specificity, identifying compounds in urine or blood at concentrations as low as picograms per milliliter. Through advanced capillary chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, including positive-ion ammonia chemical ionization, a high degree of sensitivity was observed for LSD and its metabolites—iso-LSD and N-demethyl-LSD. The study evaluated multiple derivatization and ionization methods, enhancing overall ionization efficiency and product-ion sensitivity, significantly advancing analytical capabilities in the fields of chemistry and drug studies.
Abstract
Procedures for detection and quantitation of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), iso-LSD, and N-demethyl-LSD by capillary chromatography/tandem mass ...
Measurement of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) in Human Plasma by Gas Chromatography/Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry*
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – May 01, 1990
Summary
A novel method allows for precise measurement of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in plasma, achieving linear responses from 0.1 to 3.0 ng/mL. Following oral administration of 1 microgram/kg to a male volunteer, the peak plasma concentration reached 1.9 ng/mL three hours later, with an apparent half-life of 5.1 hours. Utilizing advanced techniques like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring, this approach enhances understanding of LSD's pharmacokinetics, contributing valuable insights into its effects on the body.
Abstract
A previously reported procedure for quantification of LSD in urine was modified to permit measurement of the drug in plasma. After addition of deut...
Determination of LSD in Urine by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography and Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – January 01, 1988
Summary
LSD can be detected in urine at remarkably low concentrations of just 0.5 ng/ml using advanced analytical techniques. This method involves extracting LSD from urine and creating a trimethylsilyl derivative, which is then analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Following the oral administration of 70.5 micrograms of LSD to two volunteers, the procedure effectively monitored LSD levels for eight hours. Comparisons showed consistent results with other methods, including radioimmunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography, highlighting its reliability in analytical chemistry and drug studies.
Abstract
A procedure for the determination of LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) in urine at concentrations as low as 0.5 ng/ml is presented. After addition o...