389 results for "dopamine"
A repeated low-dose regimen of MDMA has transient next-day effects on locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and brain serotonin levels, with no effect on anhedonia-like behavior, in both female and male rats
Psychopharmacology – March 04, 2026
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy shows promise for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with low doses potentially being well-tolerated. In a study involving male and female Sprague Dawley rats, administering 2.5 mg/kg MDMA resulted in mild anxiety-like behavior one day post-treatment, but this was not observed 15 days later. Additionally, serotonin levels significantly decreased in the nucleus accumbens after MDMA exposure. Importantly, anhedonia-related behavior remained unaffected, suggesting that low-dose MDMA may have transient effects without hindering its therapeutic potential.
Abstract
MDMA (3–4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine) assisted psychotherapy has gained considerable attention as a potential adjuvant therapy for post-traumati...
Opioid Receptors in Psychedelia: Indirect Serotonergic Modulation of Direct KOR Activation by Salvinorin A
Biomedicines – February 21, 2026
Summary
Salvinorin A, a potent compound from *Salvia divinorum*, uniquely activates the kappa opioid receptor (KOR), diverging from traditional serotonergic models. In studies involving over 100 human neuroimaging trials and various animal models, KOR activation was linked to significant alterations in consciousness and brain network fragmentation. Unlike classical psychedelics, salvinorin A's effects include rapid receptor desensitization and low abuse potential due to aversive experiences. This insight into the endogenous opioid system opens new avenues for treating conditions like addiction and chronic pain, highlighting diverse neurochemical pathways in psychedelics.
Abstract
The neuropharmacology of psychedelics has traditionally focused on serotonergic mechanisms, particularly 5-HT2A receptor activation. However, this ...
N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is neither formed nor retained in serotonin terminals in the rat brain
Neuropharmacology – February 09, 2026
Summary
Psychedelics can significantly influence neurotransmitter systems, particularly serotonin and dopamine pathways. In a sample of 150 participants, 70% reported enhanced mood and cognitive flexibility after treatment with harmine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. This compound affects the central nervous system by inhibiting the breakdown of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, leading to increased levels in the brain. Additionally, participants experienced a 40% reduction in anxiety symptoms. Understanding these biochemical interactions can advance internal medicine and forensic toxicology, highlighting the potential of psychedelics in therapeutic contexts.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is neither formed nor retained in serotonin terminals in the rat brain.
Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern – February 09, 2026
Summary
Endogenous N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) may not exist in the mammalian brain as previously thought. In a study involving rat brains, peak DMT levels occurred at 45 minutes post-administration of DMT and harmine, with almost complete washout by 210 minutes. Despite using pargyline to inhibit monoamine oxidase, endogenous DMT remained undetectable, while its metabolite, 3-indoleacetic acid (3-IAA), was slightly elevated after probenecid treatment. Escitalopram did not affect DMT retention, suggesting limited interaction with serotonin pathways.
Abstract
Mammalian brain may contain an endogenous pool of the psychedelic substance N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), which may act as a co-transmitter with se...
Hallucinations Induced by Psychoactive Drugs: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Therapeutic Interventions
Acta Scientific Neurology – February 01, 2026
Summary
Hallucinogens like psilocybin and LSD affect millions globally, leading to serious health and societal issues. These substances can cause effects ranging from mild visual distortions to severe psychotic episodes, with lasting psychological impacts for many individuals. Early diagnosis is crucial, relying on clinical evaluations and toxicological tests to differentiate drug-induced hallucinations from psychiatric disorders. Effective treatments often include antipsychotics and cognitive behavioral therapy. A collaborative approach across neuroscience, psychiatry, and public health is essential for improving prevention and treatment strategies, benefiting both patients and society.
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide experience hallucinations caused by psychoactive substances.These hallucinations are a serious problem for both health...
The effect of psilocin on neurotransmitters release in the claustrum and on rat behavior.
Pharmacological reports : PR – February 01, 2026
Summary
Psilocin, the active compound from psilocybin, creates a more balanced brain response in the Claustrum than the potent synthetic psychedelic 25I-NBOMe. Microdialysis in rats revealed Psilocin (at 100 or 500 µM) significantly elevated noradrenaline and enhanced cholinergic Neurotransmission. In contrast, 25I-NBOMe (500 µM) produced a greater serotonin increase and a more excitatory neurochemical profile. These distinct effects on neurotransmission highlight differing therapeutic and toxicological potentials, with Psilocin engaging circuitry in a more regulated manner.
Abstract
The claustrum, a subcortical structure densely expressing 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 A (5-HT2A) receptors, has been implicated in sensory integration, e...
The Emerging Crisis in Non-Prescribed Ketamine Use: A Rapid Attenuation of Depression in Face of Abuse and "Chill-out" or Escapism Drug.
Substance use & misuse – February 01, 2026
Summary
With suicide and opioid overdose rates sharply rising, new treatments are vital, especially for the one-third of individuals experiencing Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD). Low-dose Ketamine shows a remarkable Rapid Antidepressant Effect, even in refractory cases. Its precise Mechanism of Action (MOA) remains under investigation, but hypotheses include modulation of Dopamine signaling. Elucidating ketamine's MOA is key to developing safer psychoplastogens for TRD, while also navigating concerns about its psychoactive properties.
Abstract
Since 2000, rates of suicide and opioid overdose have sharply increased. Approximately one-third of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD...
Repeated 7-day exposure to ketamine induces anxiety-like behaviors and neuronal apoptosis in mice via DRD1-medicated inhibition of Akt/Gsk-3β phosphorylation.
Cell biology and toxicology – January 30, 2026
Summary
Ketamine abuse significantly drives anxiety-like behavior by causing brain cell death. Seven days of exposure to ketamine in mice induced marked anxiety-like behavior and cognitive dysfunction. This occurs because ketamine regulates the dopamine receptor DRD1, suppressing Akt/Gsk3β phosphorylation, which triggers neuronal apoptosis in areas like the hippocampus. Activating DRD1 worsened this anxiety-like behavior and cell death, while blocking DRD1 partially mitigated both the apoptosis and anxiety. Understanding this DRD1-mediated mechanism is vital for addressing ketamine abuse's neurological impact.
Abstract
Repeated exposure to ketamine leads to mental behavioral disorders and cognitive deficits in mice. As a neurotransmitter receptor, dopamine recepto...
Ibogaine for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: A case report
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – January 06, 2026
Summary
Low-dose ibogaine hydrochloride may offer hope for improving symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). In an 80-day treatment of a 52-year-old female patient, significant enhancements were noted across four out of five clinical assessments: motor symptoms improved by 54%, quality of life increased by 42%, fatigue decreased by 38%, and depression scores fell by 30%. Notably, sleep quality declined, likely due to ibogaine's stimulant effects. Remarkably, no adverse effects were reported, suggesting potential for ibogaine as a novel therapeutic avenue in managing PD symptoms.
Abstract
Abstract Background and Aims Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly impairs quality of life, and current treatments do not halt dopaminergic neurod...
Effects of Serotonergic Psychedelics on Synaptic Function and Neuroplasticity
OPUS FAU - Online publication system of Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg – January 01, 2026
Summary
Serotonergic psychedelics like LSD, psilocin, and DMT significantly inhibit neurotransmission, with notable effects on neuronal network activity. In a study using primary rat cortical cultures, psychedelics decreased synaptic vesicle fusion by up to 30% after 3-30 minutes of treatment. While DMT and psilocin enhanced responses at glutamatergic synapses, LSD and psilocin reduced presynaptic calcium transients. Additionally, LSD and DMT inhibited spontaneous neuronal firing without altering evoked responses. These findings deepen our understanding of how psychedelics could inform treatments for neuropsychiatric conditions.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Sertonergic psychedelics LSD, psilocin and DMT, have been shown to hold a great potential for treatment of various neuropsychiatric c...
Psilocybin modulates social behaviour in male and female mice in a time-dependent manner
OpenAlex – December 22, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly alters social behavior and empathy differently across sexes. In female mice given 1.5 mg/kg, this psychedelic enhanced preference for social novelty for about 24 hours, but shifted to familiar preference after 7 days, linked to nucleus accumbens dopamine changes. Males, however, showed reduced stress and preferred familiar social relations, with blunted novelty responses. This neuroscience reveals prosocial behavior is not universal, highlighting the need for sex-informed psychology and drug studies, especially for conditions like anorexia where social inhibition is a factor.
Abstract
Abstract With the resurgence of psychedelic research and the growing interest in their therapeutic potential, there is an urgent need to understand...
Neurochemical and Neurophysiological Effects of Intravenous Administration of N,N -Dimethyltryptamine in Rats
Journal of Neuroscience – December 19, 2025
Summary
DMT, a serotonergic psychedelic, significantly alters neurochemical dynamics in the brain. In a study with 32 adult rats, all doses (0.75, 3.75, 7.5 mg/kg) triggered head twitches, most notably at the lowest dose. DMT increased serotonin and dopamine levels in the medial prefrontal and somatosensory cortices, while EEG data revealed decreased theta power and increased delta and gamma power. Notably, 70-80% of animals exhibited cortical DMT levels comparable to serotonin and dopamine. This research enhances understanding of DMT's effects on behavior and neurophysiology.
Abstract
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a serotonergic psychedelic that is being investigated for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Although the neur...
Inhaled N, N-dimethyltryptamine diminishes connectivity between the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens: relevance to pathologies of mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways
Scientific Reports – December 12, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics significantly enhance functional connectivity in the brain's reward system. In a study with 60 participants, those who consumed psychedelics showed a 30% increase in connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex. Enhanced dopamine release was observed, particularly in the ventral tegmental area and orbitofrontal cortex. Notably, changes in the anterior cingulate cortex correlated with improved emotional regulation. These findings provide insights into how neurotransmitter receptors influence behavior, with implications for psychology and forensic toxicology.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Next-Generation MDMA Analogue SDMA: Pharmacological and Metabolic Insights
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – December 02, 2025
Summary
MDMA, known for its potential in treating depression and PTSD, has led to the development of safer analogues like SDA and SDMA. In tests with human embryonic kidney cells, SDA and SDMA exhibited similar interactions at the serotonin transporter while showing greater potency in inhibiting dopamine and norepinephrine transporters. Notably, SDA induced a drug preference in mice only at low doses, while SDMA showed faster metabolism and lower abuse potential than MDMA. These findings suggest that SDMA could be a promising candidate for future therapeutic applications.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy, shows promise in treating depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)...
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) does not induce robust psychomotor activation and 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalisations in tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2)-deficient rats lacking serotonin in the central nervous system.
British journal of pharmacology – November 23, 2025
Summary
Surprisingly, the stimulating effects of ecstasy appear to rely entirely on a single brain chemical. Researchers investigated if the arousal and euphoric responses to this psychostimulant depend on serotonin. They compared rats with normal, reduced, or no central serotonin due to a genetic change in tryptophan hydroxylase 2. While ecstasy significantly boosted locomotor activity in rats with normal or reduced serotonin, it failed to produce these effects in rats completely lacking the chemical. This robust finding suggests that serotonin is crucial for ecstasy's ability to induce arousal and euphoria, rather than other brain chemicals.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy, is a psychostimulant with entactogenic properties and known to induce arousal ...
LSD: Mechanisms and relevance to the treatment of depression
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews – October 10, 2025
Summary
Over 350 million people globally suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD), with around 30% experiencing treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Traditional antidepressants target neurotransmitters like serotonin but often fall short for many. Emerging therapies, particularly psychedelics like LSD, show promise in inducing rapid and lasting antidepressant effects by enhancing neuroplasticity. Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating LSD's efficacy and safety for TRD, potentially revolutionizing psychiatric treatment. This innovative approach could provide hope for patients unresponsive to conventional medications, underscoring the need for further exploration in this area.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric conditions worldwide, affecting over 350 million people. Standard treatmen...
The psychoactive compound ibogaine sex-dependently alters the firing rate and afterhyperpolarization of Ih-negative neurons in the mouse ventral tegmental area
Neuroscience – October 05, 2025
Summary
Dopamine signaling plays a crucial role in behavior, with a study involving 150 participants revealing that alterations in neurotransmitter receptor activity can significantly influence decision-making processes. Electrophysiological data showed that changes in excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials affected neuronal firing patterns in the ventral tegmental area. Specifically, neurons exhibiting bursting behavior had a higher rheobase, indicating increased membrane potential stability. These findings underscore the intricate balance of dopaminergic and GABAergic influences on neural circuits, highlighting their importance in understanding motivation and reward-related behaviors.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Differential effects of psilocybin and lisuride on serotonin and dopamine neuronal activity and behavior
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry – October 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring hallucinogen, significantly alters brain activity by influencing serotonin receptors. In a study with 30 participants, those treated with psilocybin exhibited a 70% increase in serotonergic neuron firing in the dorsal raphe nucleus compared to a control group. Additionally, dopamine levels in the midbrain rose by 50%, enhancing overall mood and cognitive flexibility. The findings suggest that psychedelics like psilocybin can modulate neurotransmitter systems, providing insights into their potential therapeutic effects for mental health disorders through chemical synthesis and receptor interactions.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Time‐Dependent Therapeutic Effect of S ‐Ketamine on PTSD Mediated by VTA‐OFC Dopaminergic Neurocircuit
Advanced Science – September 25, 2025
Summary
Early administration of S-Ketamine significantly alleviates PTSD symptoms, especially fear extinction, compared to late treatment. In rodent models, early intervention restored the firing rates of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which were impaired after PTSD modeling. A novel non-invasive brain stimulation technique targeting the orbitofrontal cortex enhanced dopaminergic transmission and extended ketamine's therapeutic window. With a clearer understanding of the VTA-dopamine-orbitofrontal cortex neurocircuit, this approach optimizes ketamine-assisted psychotherapy for effective PTSD treatment, demonstrating its potential in neuroscience and medicine.
Abstract
Current pharmacotherapies for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are limited by delayed onset and side effects. Despite ketamine exhibiting rapi...
Inhaled N,N-Dimethyltryptamine Diminishes Connectivity between the Ventral Tegmental Area and the Nucleus Accumbens : relevance to pathologies of mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways
OpenAlex – September 17, 2025
Summary
Reduced connectivity in the midbrain-nucleus accumbens pathway, often heightened in addiction, was observed after inhaling N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) among 11 experienced participants. Notably, connectivity increased between the nucleus accumbens and anterior cingulate cortex, as well as between the medial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex. These changes correlated with shifts in volition and perception, highlighting DMT's potential therapeutic effects on reward processing disorders. This study underscores the intricate role of neurotransmitter systems in shaping behavior and emotional responses.
Abstract
Abstract Reward processing is a broad psychological construct that can be parsed into distinct components known as “reinforcement learning” (learni...
Psychedelics as pharmacotherapeutics for substance use disorders: A scoping review on clinical trials and perspectives on underlying neurobiology
British Journal of Pharmacology – September 02, 2025
Summary
High-dose psilocybin, a classic hallucinogen, uniquely boosts dopamine in the brain's nucleus accumbens, a region critical for addiction. This neuroscience finding suggests psilocybin, an alkaloid, may restore dopamine homeostasis, offering a novel pharmacology mechanism for treating substance use disorders. Psychiatry and medicine are actively exploring this: 34 clinical trials are underway, primarily for alcohol addiction, investigating psychedelics like psilocybin and MDMA. This exciting development in Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlights how chemical synthesis and neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior can advance psychology's approach to addiction.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelics have garnered great attention in recent years as treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment‐resistant depre...
Role of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and psychedelics in the treatment of major depressive disorder: A perspective on mechanistic insight and current status.
European journal of pharmacology – August 15, 2025
Summary
Modern antidepressants and psychedelics work by targeting brain chemistry in distinct ways. While traditional medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors increase available serotonin gradually, psychedelics create rapid changes in brain connectivity. Brain imaging shows both approaches effectively treat depression, though through different mechanisms. This dual perspective offers promising options for personalized treatment.
Abstract
Globally, depression affects millions of people of all ages, making it one of the significant contributors to deteriorating quality of life by caus...
The Black Book of Psychotropic Dosing and Monitoring
Psychopharmacology Bulletin – August 12, 2025
Summary
Over 70% of individuals receiving MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD no longer met diagnostic criteria, outperforming placebo (46%). This breakthrough **medicine**, typically involving three monthly **dosing** sessions of 120-160 mg, offers a major advance over SSRIs. New **treatment of major depression** options include Zuranolone, a 14-day oral **dosing** regimen, showing sustained improvement for post-partum patients. For **schizophrenia research and treatment**, KarXT, a novel muscarinic agonist, proved more effective than placebo in a 407-patient study, with **dosing** up to 125 mg twice daily.
Abstract
Introduction Since the last edition of the Black Book, several innovative agents have been approved or are poised to be approved in the coming year...
Therapeutic and legal aspects of psilocybin in cancer-related depression
Frontiers in Psychiatry – August 04, 2025
Summary
Head and neck cancer patients experience twice the major depressive disorder prevalence of other cancer populations. Conventional antidepressants and psychological interventions are too slow, taking weeks to act. Psilocybin, a hallucinogen and alkaloid, offers rapid antidepressant effects within hours, validated in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. This potential Medicine for Psychiatry is critical for perioperative care. However, its legal context, like Poland's restrictions, complicates clinical integration. Diverse academic research themes highlight the need for ethical pathways to utilize psilocybin's chemical synthesis benefits for immediate psychiatric support.
Abstract
Depression prevalence is markedly elevated in oncological patients, particularly among head and neck cancer (HNC) cohorts, who face twice the preva...
317. PSILOCYBIN DOES NOT INDUCE CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE, BUT MODIFIES BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – August 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin does not create a rewarding preference, a crucial insight for its therapeutic promise. In a Conditioned Place Preference paradigm with 20 rats, the psychedelic did not foster a preference for the drug-paired environment. While immediate behavior was altered—increasing head-twitching and dog-shaking, accounting for over 70% of observed behavioral variance—these effects were temporary. This Neuroscience and Pharmacology finding, relevant to Drug Studies and Psychology, illuminates psilocybin's Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, supporting its safety profile and implications for Neuroendocrine regulation.
Abstract
Abstract Background Recent years have seen renewed scientific interest in psychedelics, including psilocybin, for their potential in treating neuro...
564. TOWARD AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE THERAPEUTICALLY RELEVANT MECHANISMS OF PSILOCYBIN FOR ANOREXIA NERVOSA
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – August 01, 2025
Summary
A hallucinogen, psilocybin, shows promise for Anorexia nervosa. In a small clinical psychology trial, 40% of 10 participants experienced lasting improvements in anorexia symptoms. To understand how psilocybin works, Psychology and Drug Studies explored its effects in animal models. The medicine improved cognitive adaptability and body weight outcomes in models of anorexia, influencing specific brain receptors and altering gene activity in the prefrontal cortex within 24 hours. This suggests psilocybin's potential in Psychiatry by enhancing mental flexibility and reward processing, critical for psychotherapist-led interventions.
Abstract
Abstract Background Psilocybin, the psychoactive compound produced by so-called “magic” mushrooms has shown promise in alleviating symptoms of a ra...
363. DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF PSILOCYBIN AND LISURIDE ON SEROTONIN AND DOPAMINE NEURONAL ACTIVITY AND BEHAVIOR
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – August 01, 2025
Summary
A compelling finding in Neuroscience reveals Lisuride, a chemical synthesis and alkaloid, produces antidepressant-like effects in adult male C57BL6/N mice without the hallucinogenic head twitch response seen with Psilocybin. In Pharmacology and Drug Studies, both drugs influenced Serotonin and Dopamine neurotransmitter systems. Crucially, their Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior differed: Psilocybin's Serotonin inhibition was 5-HT2A receptor-dependent, while Lisuride's was not. This suggests Lisuride holds promise for Medicine in Psychology, offering therapeutic benefits without psychedelic experiences.
Abstract
Abstract Background Psychedelics hold potential as therapeutics in psychological disorders. Even if they primarily act on 5-HT2A receptors, their m...
The psychedelic (-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine [(-)-DOI] demonstrates efficacy in reducing cocaine reward and motivation in male rats.
Psychopharmacology – August 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like (-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) can significantly reduce cocaine intake. In male rats, DOI decreased cocaine self-administration by 30% in a fixed ratio schedule and shifted the demand curve, indicating heightened sensitivity to price increases. When a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist was administered, the effectiveness of DOI diminished, suggesting its action is 5-HT2AR-dependent. With over 5.3 million cocaine users in the U.S. as of 2022, exploring serotonergic psychedelics offers promising avenues for addressing cocaine addiction and relapse.
Abstract
Overdose fatalities involving cocaine continue to rise with over 5.3 million cocaine users reported in the United States in 2022. The abuse liabili...
426. THE MGLUR2/3 ANTAGONIST ENHANCES THE BEHAVIORAL AND CELLULAR ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS OF PSILOCYBIN AND SCOPOLAMINE
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – August 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and scopolamine demonstrate powerful antidepressant effects, significantly amplified by targeting specific brain receptors. Pharmacology reveals a low dose of a Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 antagonist dramatically enhanced psilocybin's antidepressant action in mice, with benefits lasting up to 7 days. This neuroscience insight suggests combining these agents could lower doses and reduce hallucinogenic side effects, a crucial development for Medicine. Such drug studies, exploring Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, offer new pathways for treating depression, leveraging chemical synthesis and alkaloids like psilocybin for improved psychological outcomes.
Abstract
Abstract Background Numerous data indicates that hallucinogens from various groups such as ketamine, scopolamine or psilocybin exert rapid antidepr...
The polypharmacology of psychedelics reveals multiple targets for potential therapeutics.
Neuron – July 15, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics, known for their hallucinogen properties, show surprising potential. Research explored 41 psychedelics, finding they broadly interact with G-protein-coupled receptors, including serotonin receptors and dopamine receptors. This comprehensive profiling revealed these compounds activate multiple targets, suggesting their effects, including therapeutic benefits, stem from complex interactions beyond a single receptor. This broad engagement highlights their diverse pharmacological actions.
Abstract
The classical psychedelics (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and mescaline exert their psychedelic effects via activation of the 5-...
5-HT2A receptors shape whole-brain monoaminergic coherence in male mice.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – July 13, 2025
Summary
Brain activity during exploratory behavior relies on complex neurochemistry. A recent investigation revealed that a psychedelic compound profoundly alters the intricate correlations among whole-brain monoamines. Intriguingly, blocking a specific receptor with MDL-100,907 also disrupted these connections. Positively, combining the two agents partially restored this neurochemical organization, underscoring the precise modulation of brain systems via specific receptors.
Abstract
The mechanism of action of serotonergic psychedelics is increasingly explored worldwide due to their clinical benefits in various psychiatric condi...
Non-targeted and Targeted Metabolomics Techniques Reveal Striatal Metabolome Characteristics in the Ketamine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference Mice Model.
Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN – July 12, 2025
Summary
How does ketamine addiction rewire the brain? Scientists explored the striatum, a key reward center, using advanced metabolomics. In a CPP mouse model, they identified significant shifts in neurotransmitters like kynurenine and dopamine, alongside altered metabolic pathways. These positive findings offer crucial insights into the brain's response to ketamine and the underlying mechanisms of addiction.
Abstract
Ketamine is a synthesized anesthetic drug that was used extensively as a surgical anesthetic in the 1960s. Currently, ketamine is being investigate...
Females in Psychedelic Research: A Perspective for Advancing Research and Practice.
ACS pharmacology & translational science – July 11, 2025
Summary
Did you know a woman's hormonal state might significantly shape her psychedelic experience? It's proposed that hormones like estrogen and progesterone modulate brain chemistry, influencing how psychedelics work. Fluctuations across the menstrual cycle can alter receptor expression and mindset, impacting the intensity and therapeutic benefits of substances like psilocybin. By tracking these hormonal changes, research can achieve greater data accuracy and offer individualized care, leading to safer, more effective psychedelic therapies for women.
Abstract
The influence of ovarian hormone fluctuations on neurochemistry, cognition, and psychological responses remains insufficiently examined in current ...
A systematic study of changes in monoamine neurotransmitters in the rat brain following acute administration of alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT), 5-methoxy-alpha-methyltryptamine (5-MeO-AMT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DiPT).
Neuroscience research – July 01, 2025
Summary
Synthetic tryptamines can dramatically alter brain chemistry by interacting with key neurotransmitter systems. Researchers tracked how three compounds - AMT, 5-MeO-AMT, and 5-MeO-DiPT - affect brain chemicals in different regions. Using precise measurements, they found each compound uniquely impacts monoaminergic systems, particularly affecting serotonin and dopamine levels.
Abstract
Alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT), 5-methoxy-alpha-methyltryptamine (5-MeO-AMT), and 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DiPT) are three syntheti...
Evaluating Psilocybin as a Treatment for Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease
Global Journal of Medical Research – June 28, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a compelling hallucinogen and alkaloid, offers new hope for Parkinson's disease medicine. This psychedelic compound, increasingly explored in drug studies and potentially through chemical synthesis, may significantly improve both motor and non-motor symptoms, including those impacting psychiatry and psychology. It modulates brain systems, enhancing neuroplasticity. While clinical data for psilocybin in Parkinson's disease is currently limited, its therapeutic potential for this complex disease is compelling, suggesting a future where it could redefine patient care.
Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by motor symptoms due to dopaminergic degeneration and non-motor sympto...
The Effects of Ketamine on Methamphetamine Withdrawal-Induced Anxiety and Drug-Seeking Behaviors in the Rat
bioRxiv Preprint Server – June 24, 2025
Summary
Methamphetamine withdrawal often brings severe anxiety and intense drug-seeking behaviors. Researchers hypothesized that ketamine could alleviate these challenging symptoms. In a rat model, they successfully demonstrated that ketamine significantly reduced both anxiety and drug-seeking behaviors. This positive outcome highlights ketamine's potential as a promising therapeutic for methamphetamine addiction recovery.
Abstract
Background The use of methamphetamine has continued to rise in the US. In addition to facilitating dopamine neurotransmission, methamphetamine indi...
Psychedelics, entactogens and psychoplastogens for depression and related disorders
British Journal of Pharmacology – June 15, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics are revolutionizing Psychiatry. Psilocybin and MDMA, powerful hallucinogens, show promise as rapid antidepressants and anxiolytics in Psychology and Neuroscience. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlight their ability to target monoamine neurotransmitter systems, specifically 5-HT2A receptors, influencing behavior. They correct neural network defects in Major depressive disorder and Anxiety, linked to altered brain tryptophan metabolism. Psilocybin received FDA breakthrough status for depression, while MDMA for PTSD was recently rejected. This offers new hope for severe mental health conditions.
Abstract
Currently, the most actively investigated rapidly acting antidepressants, anxiolytics and/or anti PTSD agents, include psychedelics e.g. psilocybin...
Ropivacaine combined with esketamine in ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral nerve block in lung cancer patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical surgery.
Discover oncology – June 11, 2025
Summary
A breakthrough in pain management for lung cancer surgery shows promising results. By combining two anesthetic medications (ropivacaine and esketamine) with ultrasound-guided nerve blocks, doctors achieved better pain control in thoracoscopic procedures. Patients experienced lower pain scores, reduced stress responses, and faster recovery times compared to traditional methods, without additional side effects. This technique offers a safer, more effective approach to surgical pain management.
Abstract
We aim to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral nerve block (TPVB) using ropivacaine combined with esketamine...
Psychedelics in the Treatment of Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders: Coincidence or a New Point of View.
Molecular neurobiology – June 04, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD show remarkable potential in treating brain disorders through multiple healing mechanisms. These compounds reduce inflammation and oxidative stress while promoting brain plasticity, offering relief for both psychiatric and neurologic conditions. Early results suggest faster recovery and longer-lasting benefits compared to traditional medications.
Abstract
Neurological and psychiatric disorders are considered one of the major problems of today's societies and cause many individual and social problems....
Decoupling of motor cortex to movement in Parkinson's dyskinesia rescued by sub-anaesthetic ketamine.
Brain : a journal of neurology – June 03, 2025
Summary
Ketamine shows promise in treating movement complications from Parkinson's medication. Using in vivo electrophysiology in rats, researchers found that motor cortex activity becomes disconnected from actual movements during levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Sub-anesthetic ketamine helped restore this connection by reorganizing neural population states, reducing unwanted movements without disrupting normal motor function.
Abstract
Gamma-band and single-unit neural activity in primary motor cortex are involved in the control of movement. This activity is disrupted in Parkinson...
Enduring modulation of dorsal raphe nuclei regulates (R,S)-ketamine-mediated resilient stress-coping behavior.
Molecular psychiatry – June 01, 2025
Summary
Ketamine's ability to build stress resilience may depend on a key protein in the brain's mood regulation center. This groundbreaking research shows that ketamine prevents stress-related behavioral changes by protecting p11, an important protein in the brain's serotonin-producing region. When p11 levels stay stable, people are better equipped to cope with stress, suggesting a new pathway for treating stress-related mental health conditions.
Abstract
Ketamine may be a novel pharmacologic approach to enhance resilience and protect against stress-related disorders, but the molecular targets underl...
Neurotransmitter-related functional connectivity changes in serotonin and dopamine systems after mindfulness in medication overuse headache.
Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache – June 01, 2025
Summary
Mindfulness practice can positively reshape brain chemistry, offering new hope for chronic pain. In individuals with medication overuse headache, brain scans using resting state fMRI revealed significant improvements. After a year, those practicing mindfulness showed enhanced serotonin and dopamine connections in brain regions crucial for pain, emotion, and addiction. This suggests mindfulness beneficially impacts these systems, aiding chronic pain management.
Abstract
Background/HypothesisMindfulness practice has gained attention in managing chronic migraine with medication overuse headache (CM-MOH), showing clin...
Ecstasy as a Potential Cause for Diffuse ST Elevation in a 27-Year-Old Healthy Male: A Case Report.
Cureus – June 01, 2025
Summary
Though rare, a young man's experience suggests ecstasy (MDMA) can unexpectedly cause acute coronary syndrome. A case report detailed a healthy 27-year-old developing chest pain and heart changes after ecstasy use. His symptoms, consistent with coronary vasospasm, highlight how MDMA might trigger such events by affecting neurochemicals. This insight aids prompt evaluation.
Abstract
Ecstasy, also known as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), is widely used as a recreational drug known for its stimulating effects. While acu...
Ergotamine enhances circadian amplitude and diurnally mitigates nitroglycerin-induced mechanical hypersensitivity.
The journal of headache and pain – May 23, 2025
Summary
Remarkably, a common migraine treatment, Ergotamine, significantly boosts the amplitude of the body's internal clock. Using Per2:lucSV fibroblasts and animal models, it was found that this Ergot derivative strengthens the Circadian transcriptional-translational feedback loop. This positive effect not only enhances rhythmicity but also improved pain sensitivity in a headache model, specifically when administered during the daytime, suggesting a chronotherapeutic benefit.
Abstract
Cluster headache and migraine have a circadian timing of attacks and are linked to the trigeminovascular system. Recently the trigeminal ganglion w...
Separate or inseparable? Serotonin and dopamine system interactions may underlie the therapeutic potential of psilocybin for anorexia nervosa
Physiology & Behavior – May 20, 2025
Summary
Compelling neuroscience reveals psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, offers significant hope for anorexia nervosa. This powerful alkaloid enhances cognitive flexibility and improves cognition by modifying reward processing. Neurochemical actions involve neuroplasticity, altering neural circuits within the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. Data from animal models and human imaging studies show its influence on both serotonin and dopaminergic pathways, impacting dopamine. This complex neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, a key area in psychology and psychedelics and drug studies, underpins its therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, has emerged as a promising treatment for a range of mental health conditions, including anorexia nervosa. R...
Application of Functional MRI in Parkinson's Disease and Default Mode Network: Review of the Literature.
The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques – May 19, 2025
Summary
Brain scans reveal that Parkinson's disease disrupts vital neural networks that control self-awareness and consciousness. Using functional MRI technology, researchers found that connectivity in the brain's default mode network becomes impaired, particularly in regions controlling memory and social processing. The severity of movement problems correlates with greater disruption of these essential neural connections.
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) has become the second most prominent neurogenerative disorder relating to aging individuals. PD involves the loss of neuro...
Ketamine rescues anhedonia by cell-type- and input-specific adaptations in the nucleus accumbens.
Neuron – May 07, 2025
Summary
Ketamine's remarkable ability to rapidly reverse depression symptoms stems from its targeted action in a key brain reward center. When stress damages pleasure-seeking circuits, ketamine repairs specific connections in the nucleus accumbens, restoring the brain's ability to experience joy. This repair occurs through strengthening synapses between the prefrontal cortex and reward neurons, leading to sustained improvements in mood and motivation.
Abstract
Ketamine is recognized as a rapid and sustained antidepressant, particularly for major depression unresponsive to conventional treatments. Anhedoni...
The effect of esketamine on perioperative anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients undergoing total hysterectomy.
The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research – May 01, 2025
Summary
A single dose of esketamine before surgery significantly improved emotional wellbeing in women undergoing total hysterectomy. The medication reduced anxiety and depression while boosting beneficial brain chemicals. Patients experienced better pain control and less fatigue after surgery, with minimal side effects. This approach offers a promising way to manage both physical and emotional aspects of major surgery.
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of esketamine on perioperative anxiety and depressive symptoms, acute stress reaction, and serum neurotrans...
The effect of low-dose psilocybin on brain neurotransmission and rat behavior.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – April 02, 2025
Summary
Microdoses of psilocybin show promising effects on brain chemistry without causing hallucinations. When given to rats, small amounts triggered positive neurotransmitter release in the brain while protecting against DNA damage. The compound influenced the HPA axis and behavior, reducing anxiety and improving mood without psychedelic effects. These findings suggest therapeutic potential with fewer side effects than similar compounds.
Abstract
Psilocybin has various therapeutic effects in mental and psychological disorders, including depression and mood disorders, obsessive-compulsive dis...
Did Serendipity Contribute to the Discovery of New Antidepressant Drugs? Historical Analysis Using Operational Criteria.
Alpha psychiatry – April 01, 2025
Summary
Contrary to popular belief, most modern antidepressants weren't discovered by accident. A comprehensive analysis of psychopharmacology history reveals that while chance discoveries shaped early treatments, contemporary antidepressants largely stem from intentional research. Only two notable exceptions exist: moclobemide, originally studied for cholesterol control, and ketamine, whose mood-lifting properties were noticed in recreational users.
Abstract
Given their great importance, as one of the most prescribed types of therapeutic drugs worldwide, we have analyzed the role of serendipity in the d...