100 results for "epidemiology"
Psilocybin microdosing in the United States: Insights from a nationally representative survey
Addiction – March 08, 2026
Summary
Over 8.4 million US adults have tried microdosing psilocybin, with recent users more likely to report microdosing during their last experience compared to those who used it over a year ago. Notably, about 15% of respondents were uncertain if they microdosed the last time. The primary motivations for this practice include enhancing physical and mental health. This data, drawn from the National Health Interview Survey, highlights the growing interest in psychedelics within diverse fields like psychology, psychiatry, and environmental health.
Abstract
At least 8.4 million US adults have microdosed psilocybin in their lifetime. Those who have used psilocybin within the past year are more likely to...
Hallucinogen use in the United States, 2021-2023: Diverging trends and subgroup patterns.
Drug and alcohol dependence reports – March 01, 2026
Summary
Despite overall hallucinogen use remaining stable at around 2.8% from 2021-2023, national substance use trends show a significant shift. Epidemiology data from ages 12+ reveal LSD use declined from 0.88% to 0.58%, while ketamine use, another psychedelic, increased from 1.61% to 1.91%. This indicates evolving patterns among hallucinogens, with ketamine's prevalence rising (adjusted odds ratio 1.11 annually) as LSD's falls (adjusted odds ratio 0.83 annually). These substance use trends highlight changing preferences, influencing public health strategies.
Abstract
While interest in the therapeutic and recreational use of hallucinogens has increased, national surveillance often reports use in aggregate, potent...
Ketamine-Related Deaths Registered in Scotland 2013–2024
Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology and Addiction – January 04, 2026
Summary
Ketamine-related deaths in Scotland surged twentyfold over a decade, with 88 cases identified between 2013 and 2024—approximately 0.5% of all deaths recorded. A striking 81.8% of the deceased were male, averaging 35 years old. Accidental deaths accounted for 84%, predominantly involving polysubstance use, particularly opioids (58%) and benzodiazepines (48%). Acute drug use was the primary cause in 85% of cases. This alarming trend underscores the urgent need for enhanced public health strategies and targeted interventions to address ketamine misuse and its associated risks.
Abstract
Background: Ketamine, a dissociative anaesthetic and non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, has legitimate medical applications. However, rising...
Rare but relevant: MDMA and hyponatraemia
Addiction – December 08, 2025
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, can lead to serious health risks, including hyponatremia, a dangerous electrolyte disorder. Among users, particularly women, the incidence of acute MDMA-induced hyponatremia is notably high, with increased odds of severe complications. This condition can alter mental states and may require intensive care. Understanding its clinical manifestations and pathophysiology is crucial for effective treatment. With MDMA's popularity in nightlife settings, awareness of these risks is vital for both users and healthcare providers.
Abstract
Conventionally used for its stimulant, empathogenic and entactogenic effects, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is one of the most ...
Psilocybin Outside the Clinic
JAMA Psychiatry – November 05, 2025
Summary
Over 7 million Americans reported psilocybin mushroom use last year, coinciding with a sharp rise in poison control calls. Unregulated products show over 20-fold variability in potency, and co-use with cannabis is common, potentially increasing adverse event risks. Clinical trial data, based on controlled environments, do not reflect real-world public use. These trends, particularly among adults aged 19 to 50, raise urgent public health concerns regarding product consistency and harm reduction strategies.
Abstract
Importance Psilocybin use has surged in the US following decriminalization efforts and promising clinical trial results. Mirroring early cannabis l...
MDMA in Psychiatry: From PTSD to emerging indications, safety, and future directions
Psychedelics. – October 14, 2025
Summary
MDMA, known for its therapeutic potential, has shown remarkable effects in treating resistant posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with clinical trials indicating substantial improvements. In studies involving 100+ participants, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy led to significant reductions in PTSD symptoms. Additionally, large epidemiological studies reveal that MDMA users report 30% lower rates of depression and reduced suicidal thoughts. Animal studies suggest MDMA enhances stress resilience and neuroplasticity. Future efforts aim to refine dosing protocols and safety monitoring for broader applications in mental health treatment.
Abstract
MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (“ecstasy,” “molly”), is a distinctive entactogen that reverses the serotonin (5-HT) transporter to increas...
The Epidemiology of Recreational Use and Availability of DOC and DOI in the United States
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 09, 2025
Summary
The prevalence of recreational use and availability of the psychedelics DOC and DOI is strikingly low, with lifetime usage rates below 0.01% among the U.S. population. Between 2005 and 2024, the DEA recorded 795 submissions for DOC, peaking at 152 in 2012, while only 40 submissions were reported for DOI, with none since 2019. Additionally, three poisonings linked to DOC were documented from 2008 to 2024, highlighting the rarity of serious health risks associated with these substances.
Abstract
The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) proposed a rule in which they intend to place the psychedelic phenethylamines 2,5-dimethoxy-4-chloro...
Studies on the Stability and Microbial Biotransformation of Five Deschloroketamine Derivatives as Prerequisite for Wastewater-Based Epidemiology Screening.
Drug testing and analysis – August 01, 2025
Summary
Monitoring new psychoactive substances like deschloroketamines in wastewater is vital for public health. Using LC‐HRMS/MS, five deschloroketamine derivatives and eight metabolites were detected in rat feces. Critically, microbial biotransformation in wastewater over 24 hours showed these five compounds and most metabolites remained stable. While Phase II glucuronides decreased, the overall stability of parent compounds and seven Phase I metabolites in wastewater influent confirms their suitability for wastewater-based epidemiology, offering a reliable way to track emerging drug trends.
Abstract
Wastewater (WW)-based epidemiology (WBE) is a powerful tool for screening and surveillance of drugs (of abuse) or new psychoactive substances (NPSs...
Naturalistic psychedelic use and changes in depressive symptoms.
Journal of affective disorders – July 09, 2025
Summary
While psychedelic therapy shows promise, a large study on naturalistic use found it's not universally beneficial. Surveying thousands of US adults, it revealed a link between psychedelic use and increased depressive symptoms. Specifically, a "risk context" – like a negative mindset or lack of support – strongly predicted challenging experiences, which then worsened depression. This highlights how crucial a supportive setting and preparation are for positive outcomes.
Abstract
While growing evidence suggests that psychedelic-assisted therapy may have antidepressant effects in certain populations, little is known about the...
"Other" Substance Use Among American Indian Reservation-Area High School Youth.
Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs – May 20, 2025
Summary
Native and non-Native youth living near reservations show similar patterns of lesser-known drug use, challenging common assumptions. Data from nearly 15,000 high school students across seven US regions revealed that prescription misuse and alternative substances varied more by location and gender than by ethnic background. The Southern Plains showed highest overall usage, while male students in the Southwest were particularly drawn to inhalants and hallucinogens.
Abstract
High school youth have an elevated risk of substance use. Some substances (e.g., inhalants, MDMA) used by youth are overlooked or grouped in an "ot...
Utilizing Google Trends data to enhance forecasts and monitor long COVID prevalence.
Communications medicine – May 16, 2025
Summary
Web searches reveal early warning signs of long COVID trends. By analyzing Google search patterns for symptoms like loss of taste, chest pain, and headaches, researchers discovered these searches spike before official long COVID cases rise. The data helps predict outbreak patterns, allowing healthcare systems to better prepare for incoming waves of post-COVID complications.
Abstract
Long COVID, the persistent illness following COVID-19 infection, has emerged as a major public health concern since the outbreak of the pandemic. E...
Ketamine, a new (or old) kid on the block: A comprehensive three-year spatio-temporal study in Belgium through wastewater-based epidemiology.
Water research – May 15, 2025
Summary
Belgian cities show a 7-11x increase in ketamine use over the past decade, revealed through innovative wastewater analysis. Scientists tracked ketamine and its metabolite norketamine in wastewater across 26 locations, finding widespread use in both urban and rural areas. Higher levels occurred on weekends, suggesting recreational use. By analyzing metabolite ratios, researchers could distinguish between actual consumption and direct disposal.
Abstract
Based on reports of ketamine seizures, self-reported consumption and harmful associated health effects, there are signs of increased ketamine use. ...
Detection of hidden populations using illicit substances.
Journal of epidemiology and community health – April 23, 2025
Summary
Hidden drug users vastly outnumber known cases, with up to 174 times more undetected users of new psychoactive substances than registered ones. Analysis of autopsy and arrest records in Taiwan revealed unregistered users were typically younger, employed, and female. Most concerning: 79% of fatal polydrug SUBSTANCE ABUSE cases occurred among hidden users, highlighting a critical public health and EPIDEMIOLOGY challenge.
Abstract
The prevalence of hidden populations using illicit substances may lead to underestimation of the health and social impacts. This study aimed to pre...
Trends and characteristics in ketamine use among US adults with and without depression, 2015-2022.
Journal of affective disorders – March 15, 2025
Summary
Ketamine use among US adults doubled between 2015-2022, with notable increases among both depressed and non-depressed individuals. Analyzing nationally representative samples, researchers found usage rose from 0.11% to 0.28% of adults. While depression initially predicted higher ketamine use, this connection weakened by 2022. College graduates and adults aged 26-34 emerged as new demographic groups showing increased use, particularly alongside other substances like MDMA.
Abstract
Ketamine's potential for treating depression has drawn increased clinical interest in recent years. However, despite growing therapeutic use, recre...
Assessing pharmaceutical and illicit drugs abuse in a university environment through wastewater analysis.
The Science of the total environment – March 15, 2025
Summary
Wastewater analysis reveals surprising drug consumption patterns in university settings. Scientists tracked 40 substances in campus wastewater using advanced surveillance techniques. The data showed high levels of antidepressants like venlafaxine, while cocaine was the most detected illicit drug. This innovative monitoring approach provides valuable insights into pharmaceutical and recreational drug use across the university environment.
Abstract
Monitoring the presence of illicit and pharmaceutical drugs in wastewater has emerged as a powerful tool for determining drug consumption patterns ...
Post-traumatic stress disorder: evolving conceptualization and evidence, and future research directions.
World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) – February 01, 2025
Summary
Our understanding of how trauma impacts individuals has profoundly evolved. Not all responses to trauma are the same; new insights reveal distinct forms of Post-traumatic stress disorder, including complex PTSD. Research into memory, identity, genetics, and neuroimaging illuminates its foundations. While prevention is challenging, psychological interventions, including trauma-focused therapies and novel identity-based approaches, show strong efficacy. Promising pharmacotherapy and successful community-based interventions are enhancing mental health support.
Abstract
The understanding of responses to traumatic events has been greatly influenced by the introduction of the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disord...
Epidemiology of New Psychoactive Substances in Relation to Traditional Drugs of Abuse in Clinical Oral Fluid Samples.
Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology – February 01, 2025
Summary
Novel synthetic drugs were detected in only 1.4% of over 34,000 oral fluid samples from Swedish psychiatric patients, revealing unexpected patterns. Using advanced mass spectrometry, researchers found that older adults use these substances more than previously thought. Ketamine use strongly predicted new psychoactive substance use, while kratom showed unique patterns suggesting its role in opioid withdrawal management.
Abstract
New psychoactive substances (NPS) are health-hazardous through unpredictable toxicity and effects and largely unknown epidemiology, motivating stud...
Contextual and experiential aspects of the psychedelic experience predicting improvement in subjective wellbeing: results from a Norwegian internet convenience sample.
Frontiers in pharmacology – January 01, 2025
Summary
A remarkable 85% of Norwegian adults reported improved wellbeing after using psychedelics like LSD, psilocybin, and DMT. Through an anonymous online survey, researchers found that positive outcomes were strongly linked to ego dissolution, emotional breakthroughs, and post-experience integration. Natural settings and therapeutic intentions also contributed to better results.
Abstract
Interest in the therapeutic effects of classical psychedelics has risen recently. However, little epidemiological knowledge exists about the use of...
An Update on the Epidemiology of Tusi ("Pink Cocaine").
Current addiction reports – January 01, 2025
Summary
"Pink cocaine," or Tusi, is a dangerous polysubstance mixture emerging globally, with its inconsistent composition posing significant risks. Drug checking programs reveal Tusi typically contains Ketamine and MDMA, but other substances are frequently added, creating unpredictable blends. Data from Spain indicates Ketamine concentrations in Tusi have increased. This variability, combined with frequent polysubstance use, elevates health risks. Tusi exemplifies a trend where drug identity is linked to color and nightlife, complicating harm reduction efforts.
Abstract
Tusi, also known as "pink cocaine," has emerged across nightlife scenes in Latin America, Europe, Australia, and the United States (US). Tusi is ty...
PolDrugs 2025: results of the third edition of the nationwide study on psychoactive substance use in the context of psychiatry and harm reduction.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2025
Summary
A positive trend in Poland shows growing acceptance of psychiatry among those using psychoactive substances. A PolDrugs survey of nearly 2,500 people revealed that while marijuana is common, it's often used infrequently and socially. Many seek psychiatric help, primarily for depression, even if they don't always disclose drug use. Interestingly, use of psychedelics like DMT, MDMA, and psilocybin is declining, while stimulant use rises. This highlights a positive shift towards mental health engagement, though harm reduction remains key.
Abstract
PolDrugs is a biennial epidemiological study aimed at analyzing patterns of mostly illicit psychoactive substance use in Poland in the context of p...
Estimation of the prevalence of substance use by wastewater-based epidemiology study in four cities of Guangdong, China.
PloS one – January 01, 2025
Summary
Analysis of wastewater from 67 treatment plants across four Chinese cities revealed surprising drug use patterns in Guangdong Province. Scientists tracked drug metabolites in sewage to estimate regional substance use, finding methamphetamine as the most prevalent drug, followed by heroin and ketamine. While heroin use decreased over the study period, meth and ketamine consumption showed concerning upward trends.
Abstract
The widespread use of illegal drugs and their associated problems have emerged as a significant public health concern. This study was conducted to ...
Monitoring the dynamics of ketamine analogues use in China through wastewater analysis: The emergence of 2-FDCNEK and 2-MDCK.
The Science of the total environment – December 20, 2024
Summary
Scientists discovered emerging ketamine analogues in wastewater across 21 Chinese cities, revealing shifting patterns in drug use. Through innovative wastewater analysis, researchers tracked these new psychoactive substances, finding that while some variants quickly disappeared, others showed concerning persistence. The study identified 2-FDCNEK as the most prevalent analogue, while older variants declined following regulation.
Abstract
Ketamine analogues are rapidly emerging around the world and are considered one of the new psychoactive substances (NPS) of greatest concern. Howev...
Rationale and design of a large trial of perioperative ketamine for prevention of chronic post-surgical pain.
Trials – December 19, 2024
Summary
Chronic pain after surgery affects millions, but a promising solution may lie in ketamine - a powerful anesthetic. This groundbreaking trial across 36 hospitals tests whether giving ketamine during surgery can prevent long-term pain complications. Nearly 5,000 patients undergoing major surgeries will receive either ketamine or placebo, with pain levels tracked for up to a year. The study aims to definitively show if this common anesthetic could revolutionize post-surgical recovery.
Abstract
Chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) is recognised as one of the most common and debilitating complications of major surgery. Progression from acute t...
Assessment of illicit drug use in Seoul, the capital of South Korea for 21 days by wastewater-based epidemiology.
The Science of the total environment – November 15, 2024
Summary
Seoul's wastewater reveals surprising insights into public health: ketamine tops illicit drug consumption at 47.5mg per 1,000 people daily. Analysis of city sewage showed consistent daily patterns of drug use, with methamphetamine and MDMA levels remaining stable throughout the week. Spatial differences in usage correlate with income and education levels across neighborhoods.
Abstract
22 illicit drugs were monitored in Seoul, the capital of South Korea for 21 days using wastewater-based epidemiology to assess the drug usage patte...
The Epidemiology of Psychedelic Use Among United States Military Veterans
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – September 12, 2024
Summary
A striking 51% of 426 US military veterans reported using psychedelics, largely for healing (70%) or spiritual purposes (48%). Most (85%) found benefits, and these military personnel were more inclined to use VA mental health services if psychedelic therapy was offered (d=0.64; d=0.79). However, 59% experienced adverse outcomes. Factors like older age (Gerontology), psilocybin (a key alkaloid), and psychological preparedness reduced risks. This Epidemiology highlights psychedelics' potential in Psychiatry and Medicine, emphasizing the need for proper support.
Abstract
We sought to identify patterns of psychedelic use among United States military veterans, compare demographic variables and perspectives of those wh...
Assessing daily patterns in stimulant use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Melbourne, Australia using wastewater analysis.
Journal of hazardous materials – September 05, 2024
Summary
Melbourne's record-breaking lockdowns revealed surprising shifts in drug use patterns. Analysis of wastewater during COVID-19 showed methamphetamine use dropped during initial restrictions but surged post-lockdown. Cocaine remained stable until rising after restrictions eased, while ecstasy declined and stayed low throughout the pandemic in Australia.
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, one of Australia's biggest cities, Melbourne, experienced three major isolation ("lockdown") periods in 2020 (160 day...
Mushroom poisoning of Panaeolus subbalteatus from Ningxia, northwest China, with species identification and tryptamine detection.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology – August 28, 2024
Summary
In Northwest China, wild mushroom poisonings led to a breakthrough discovery: The hallucinogenic mushroom P. subbalteatus contains extremely high levels of natural tryptamines. Using advanced mass spectrometry, researchers identified psilocybin and psilocin in mushroom samples after several people experienced symptoms within 30 minutes of consumption. This data helps improve food safety and toxic mushroom identification.
Abstract
Mushroom poisoning is a significant contributor to foodborne disease outbreaks in China. This study focuses on two Panaeolus subbalteatus poisoning...
Smartphone swabs as an emerging tool for toxicology testing: a proof-of-concept study in a nightclub.
Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine – August 27, 2024
Summary
Your smartphone may reveal more than just your digital life. A groundbreaking analysis of smartphone surfaces at nightclubs found traces of recreational drugs with 73-97% accuracy. By simply swabbing phones, researchers detected MDMA, cocaine, and cannabis, plus new psychoactive substances. This innovative toxico-epidemiology method could revolutionize drug testing and harm reduction efforts.
Abstract
Smartphones have become everyday objects on which the accumulation of fingerprints is significant. In addition, a large proportion of the populatio...
Psilocybin and chronic neuropathic pain: a systematic review
Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine – August 05, 2024
Summary
The alkaloid psilocybin holds encouraging potential for chronic pain management, including neuropathic pain. A review of 28 studies suggests its role in medicine and psychiatry, influencing neurotransmitter receptors for pain relief. While 76.2% of studies were low quality, some moderate evidence points to a 0.14 mg/kg dose. This emerging field of psychedelics and drug studies offers new avenues for pain management in psychology, despite current limitations.
Abstract
Background/Importance Chronic pain affects many people globally, requiring alternative management strategies. Psilocybin is gaining attention for i...
Ketamine administration causes cognitive impairment by destroying the circulation function of the glymphatic system.
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie – June 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine's impact on brain function goes beyond its known anesthetic effects. New findings reveal that this drug disrupts the brain's natural cleaning system - the glymphatic system - by triggering chemical changes in brain cells. When ketamine enters the brain, it increases 5-HT2c activity, leading to ΔFosb buildup. This cascade blocks Aqp4 proteins, essential for waste removal, ultimately causing cognitive impairment.
Abstract
Ketamine, as a non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, was originally used in general anesthesia. Epidemiological data...
Consciousness and the Dying Brain.
Anesthesiology – June 01, 2024
Summary
Near-death experiences (NDEs) occur in 10 to 20% of patients who undergo cardiac arrest, often involving perceptions of light and life recall. Traditionally viewed through a metaphysical lens, recent insights reveal a neurophysiological basis for NDEs. Evidence indicates a surge in gamma oscillations and enhanced cortical connectivity during these episodes, suggesting that brain activity may play a crucial role in shaping these profound experiences. Understanding the epidemiology and neurobiology of NDEs can bridge the gap between science and spirituality.
Abstract
The near-death experience has been reported since antiquity and is often characterized by the perception of light, interactions with other entities...
Comparison of poisoning deaths with wastewater-based consumption estimates and assessment of fatal toxicity for amphetamine-type stimulant drugs.
Drug testing and analysis – June 01, 2024
Summary
A striking correlation exists between drug consumption and fatalities for amphetamines, MDMA, and methamphetamine. Analyzing data from Finland across five years, researchers noted a rise in deaths linked to these stimulants, with methamphetamine showing the highest fatal toxicity at 50 deaths per million doses. MDMA and amphetamine followed at 10 and 5 deaths per million doses, respectively. This innovative approach using wastewater-based epidemiology offers valuable insights into the dangers of these substances, comparable to many prescription opioids and antidepressants.
Abstract
Among several established indicators that are used to monitor the illicit drug scene, drug-related deaths and wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) s...
Increases in the use of drug testing kits among nightclub and festival attendees in New York City who use ecstasy, 2017-2022.
Drug and alcohol review – May 01, 2024
Summary
Drug checking practices among NYC nightlife attendees doubled between 2017-2022, showing growing awareness of harm reduction strategies. Testing revealed encouraging news: suspected adulterants in ecstasy dropped by 69%, with methamphetamine contamination falling by 84%. The survey of electronic dance music events found 43% of ecstasy users now test their drugs, with 61% testing consistently - a major increase from 2017's numbers.
Abstract
Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) is a drug commonly used by people who attend electronic dance music (EDM) events at nightclubs a...
Influent wastewater analysis to investigate emerging trends of new psychoactive substances use in Europe.
Water research – May 01, 2024
Summary
Scientists are using city sewage to track dangerous new drugs across Europe. By analyzing wastewater from 12 cities, researchers detected over 300 emerging substances, including synthetic opioids. The drug 3-methylmethcathinone showed notable spatial trends, with highest use in certain regions. This wastewater-based monitoring provides crucial real-time data on evolving drug patterns.
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) can provide objective and timely information on the use of new psychoactive substances (NPS), originally design...
Efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction, UPLC-MS/MS detection, and consumption assessment of five trace psychoactive substances.
Environmental science and pollution research international – May 01, 2024
Summary
Analyzing wastewater reveals surprising insights into community drug use patterns. Scientists developed an innovative magnetic extraction technique using shrimp shell material to detect trace amounts of psychoactive substances in municipal water. The method proved highly accurate and reusable, detecting substances at extremely low concentrations. Testing in Chongqing showed methamphetamine and MDMA as prevalent, with MDMA use fluctuating seasonally.
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has become an objective and updated surveillance strategy for monitoring and estimating consumption trends of p...
Depression, an unmet health need in Africa: Understanding the promise of ketamine.
Heliyon – April 15, 2024
Summary
In Africa, depression affects millions but remains severely underdiagnosed and undertreated. Ketamine, traditionally used as an anesthetic, shows remarkable promise as a rapid-acting treatment. Unlike conventional antidepressants, its unique mechanism of action provides relief within hours instead of weeks. While costly branded versions exist, affordable generic ketamine could be a game-changer for African healthcare systems.
Abstract
In Africa, there is currently a paucity of data on the epidemiology of depression, its treatment and management. The prevalence of depression is se...
The psychedelic call: analysis of Australian Poisons Information Centre calls associated with classic psychedelics.
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) – April 01, 2024
Summary
Calls to poison control centers about psychedelics doubled in Australia from 2014-2022, reflecting growing public interest in substances like LSD and psilocybin. Analysis of 737 cases revealed most incidents involved young men using LSD or psilocybin mushrooms. While hallucinations and stomach issues were common, serious complications were rare. DMT, ayahuasca, mescaline, and ibogaine cases were minimal, suggesting limited use.
Abstract
The global use of certain classical psychedelics has increased in recent years, but little is known about their spectrum of toxicity within Austral...
LSD use in the United States: Examining user demographics and their evolution from 2015–2019
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – February 01, 2024
Summary
Past-year LSD use in the U.S. surged by 47% from 2015 to 2019, rising from 0.59% to 0.87% of the population. This increase was notably observed among individuals aged 26-34 and married respondents. Key factors linked to LSD use included greater access, lower perceived risk, and socio-economic conditions like low income and fewer children at home. Interestingly, there was no proportional rise in LSD users among those with hallucinogen use disorder, suggesting a shift in societal attitudes rather than an escalation in public health concerns.
Abstract
Abstract Background Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) use has risen in the United States in recent years amid increased interest in therapeutic appl...
Intensity of Psychoactive Substance Use Affects the Occurrence of Prodromal Symptoms of Psychosis.
Journal of clinical medicine – January 28, 2024
Summary
Heavy drug use may predict early warning signs of psychosis, according to data from 703 substance users. Higher scores on drug addiction screenings (DUDIT) strongly correlated with increased prodromal symptoms - early indicators that can precede serious mental health conditions. Cannabis, MDMA, and amphetamine users who started earlier in life showed greater risk of developing these concerning symptoms. The findings highlight the link between substance intensity and psychological vulnerability.
Abstract
Psychosis is defined as a series of symptoms that impair the mind and lead to a kind of loss of reference to reality. Development of psychosis is u...
A mindfulness-based intervention for Substance Use Disorder in a Brazilian vulnerable population: a feasibility mixed method study.
Frontiers in public health – January 01, 2024
Summary
Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) demonstrated promising potential for preventing relapse among individuals with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) in a vulnerable Brazilian population. Involving 140 participants across eight Psychosocial Care Centers, the intervention was well-accepted despite initial cultural barriers and a high dropout rate due to social factors. Positive outcomes included improved mental health and changes in consumption behavior. The findings highlight the need for tailored adaptations of MBRP to enhance its implementation within public health services, ensuring better accessibility for those in need.
Abstract
Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a chronic condition that impacts various facets of an individual's life, and society as a whole. The Mindfulness-Ba...
Ayahuasca and Dimethyltryptamine Adverse Events and Toxicity Analysis: A Systematic Thematic Review.
International journal of toxicology – January 01, 2024
Summary
A recent review highlights that traditional ayahuasca and its main psychedelic compound, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), generally show a good safety profile. While some adverse events, particularly in high-dose animal toxicology studies or with isolated harmala alkaloids, were noted, serious issues are rare in healthy individuals using these hallucinogens in controlled settings. This suggests an acceptable safety for traditional use, emphasizing positive toxicology findings.
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic thematic review of adverse events, safety, and toxicity of traditional ayahuasca plant prepa...
Survey of U.S. Residents and Their Usage of Electronic Cigarettes with Drugs Other Than Nicotine.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2024
Summary
One in three electronic cigarette users in the United States report using their devices for substances beyond nicotine. A nationwide survey reveals that vaping THC and other cannabinoids tops the list of alternative uses, with most users being young adult males. People typically vape these substances alone or with friends, raising concerns about impaired driving and public safety.
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), originally intended to be used as cigarette substitutes, have evolved into discreet devices for consuming drugs oth...
Major challenges in youth psychopathology: treatment-resistant depression. A narrative review.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
Nearly 40% of young people with major depressive disorder don't respond to standard treatments. New hope emerges as fast-acting antidepressants like ketamine and esketamine show promise in treating resistant depression in adolescents. These medications work through glutamate pathways, offering rapid relief where traditional treatments fail. While challenging to treat, integrated care approaches combining innovative medications with personalized therapy are helping youth overcome persistent depression.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a major health issue in adolescents and young adults, leading to high levels of disability and profoundl...
Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A State-of-the-art Review.
Current neuropharmacology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic treatments, including ketamine, show promise in addressing the complex challenges of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Chronic PTSD affects approximately 7-8% of the population, with high rates of comorbidity and emotional dysregulation. Traditional therapies often fall short due to systemic barriers and individual factors. Innovative approaches like early interventions and neuromodulation aim to enhance treatment effectiveness. With evolving guidelines, there's potential for integrating these novel interventions into mainstream care, offering hope for improved outcomes for those grappling with moral injury and trauma-related distress.
Abstract
This narrative state-of-the-art review paper describes the progress in the understanding and treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Ove...
Exploring the subjective experience of rave party participants in Israel who consume psychedelic drugs: a qualitative inquiry.
Harm reduction journal – December 06, 2023
Summary
Attendees of rave music parties (RMP) in Israel reported significant feelings of insecurity due to strict drug policies, with 100% expressing anxiety about law enforcement presence. Interviews with 27 regular participants revealed a duality in experiences: 37% described negative effects like hallucinations, while 63% shared positive sensations, emotional relief, and a heightened sense of connection to nature after using psychedelics. Addressing stigma and implementing harm reduction strategies could enhance safety and well-being at these events, benefiting both participants and broader society.
Abstract
Rave music parties (RMP) are a world-wide socio-cultural phenomenon, where people listen to rave music while frequently consuming psychedelic drugs...
Epidemiology of classic psychedelic substances: results from a Norwegian internet convenience sample
Frontiers in Psychiatry – November 13, 2023
Summary
Most Norwegian adults using psychoactive substances like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), synthetic compounds or alkaloids, report improved mental health. A sample of 770 individuals revealed 42.3% sought therapeutic benefits, with most reporting improvements in self-perceived symptoms. This epidemiology informs Psychiatry and Psychology on how these hallucinogens impact behavior. While recreation is common, 4.2% experienced adverse reactions lasting over a year, crucial for Clinical psychology and Medicine, highlighting the complexities of psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Objective In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in investigating the use of classic psychedelics such as psilocybin and lysergic acid ...
Are the NPS commonly used? An extensive investigation in Northern Italy based on hair analysis.
Journal of analytical toxicology – September 15, 2023
Summary
Hair analysis reveals ketamine tops the list of emerging drugs in Northern Italy, with 56 positive cases found among 847 tested samples. Scientists screened for 115 new psychoactive substances using advanced testing methods, finding that about 8% of samples contained these drugs. Ketamine and its metabolite were most common, while synthetic opioids and designer cannabinoids appeared less frequently.
Abstract
New psychoactive substances (NPS) are present on the Italian illicit markets, but data from the analysis of biological samples to evaluate their re...
Perioperative Considerations for Patients Exposed to Psychostimulants.
Anesthesia and analgesia – September 01, 2023
Summary
Acute psychostimulant intoxication poses significant challenges for anesthesia providers, particularly due to the diverse and evolving nature of these substances. With unique receptor specificities across different subclasses like amphetamines, cocaine, and entactogens, each can influence patient responses during surgery. The complexities arise from both physiological and psychological effects, impacting the effectiveness of anesthetics and pain management techniques. Understanding these factors is crucial for ensuring safe perioperative care for patients with acute or chronic psychostimulant exposure, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.
Abstract
Concerns regarding the perioperative management of acute psychostimulant intoxication have been recognized for decades, but novel and diverse subst...
Seasonal Variation of Use of Common Psychedelics and Party Drugs Among Nightclub/Festival Attendees in New York City
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – August 21, 2023
Summary
Summer significantly increases psychedelic use among nightclub and festival attendees. An epidemiological survey of 3,935 adults across 15 seasons revealed summer was associated with a 2.72 odds ratio for Lysergic acid diethylamide use and 1.65 odds ratio for Psilocybin. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies findings highlight seasonal hallucinogen consumption patterns. Understanding this demography is crucial for targeted harm reduction efforts, particularly concerning MDMA (Ecstasy) and public health medicine.
Abstract
Few epidemiological studies have focused on seasonal variation in the use of common psychedelics and party drugs among nightclub and festival atten...
Festivals following the easing of COVID-19 restrictions: Prevalence of new psychoactive substances and illicit drugs.
Environment international – August 01, 2023
Summary
Wastewater-based epidemiology reveals significant substance abuse during festivals. Analysis of samples from a Spanish city's New Year and summer events identified 11 new psychoactive substances and 7 illicit drugs. High consumption of synthetic cathinones like 3-chloromethcathinone (3-CMC) and dissociatives such as 2F-deschloroketamine (2F-DCK) was evident. The presence of N,N-dimethylpentylone also varied across events. This approach offers a cost-effective way to track dynamic shifts in drug use patterns, complementing traditional public health surveillance.
Abstract
The market for illicit drugs and new psychoactive substances (NPS) has grown significantly and people attending festivals have been identified as b...