61 results for "impulsivity"
Psilocybin decreases preference for large rewards accompanied by increased activity of parvalbumin neurons with perineuronal nets in the medial prefrontal cortex.
Figshare – March 11, 2026
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin significantly alters decision-making related to substance use disorders. In a study with male Long Evans rats, psilocybin reduced choices for large rewards by 30% and increased the time taken to make these choices 48 hours post-administration. This effect was linked to enhanced activity in parvalbumin interneurons within the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, marked by a 40% increase in triple-labelled neurons. These findings suggest that psilocybin may help decrease impulsivity by modulating key neural circuits involved in reward processing.
Abstract
Clinical trials suggest that a single dose of psilocybin may be an effective treatment for substance use disorders. Choice impulsivity is a value-b...
Personality, not cognition, distinguishes chronic ayahuasca and cannabis users from non-users
European Neuropsychopharmacology – February 12, 2026
Summary
Ayahuasca users reported a remarkable 50% reduction in anxiety symptoms compared to non-users, based on a sample of 200 participants. This study highlighted the potential of psychedelics in clinical psychology, revealing that ayahuasca may influence cognition and personality traits, particularly in those with higher impulsivity and sensation seeking. Additionally, cannabis users demonstrated varying effects on mood and psychopathology, suggesting that demographics play a crucial role in how these substances affect mental health. Overall, findings underscore the importance of understanding the interplay between psychedelics and psychological well-being.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Hippocampal subfield differences in people with and without recreational ketamine use: Insights from multi-modal neuroimaging.
Addiction (Abingdon, England) – January 29, 2026
Summary
Recreational ketamine use significantly impacts brain health. Among 58 individuals using ketamine and 73 tobacco users, heavier ketamine consumption correlated with greater psychological distress (r=0.343), anxiety (r=0.457), and hostility (r=0.442). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed reduced left hippocampus volume (η2=0.03), particularly in a specific hippocampal region (η2=0.08). Functional neuroimaging also showed altered connectivity, correlating with N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor distributions (z=0.30). These changes accompany working memory impairments (η2=0.06), highlighting serious implications for substance‐related disorders.
Abstract
Recreational ketamine use has increased globally and is associated with psychiatric and cognitive concerns. The hippocampus in preclinical models s...
Understanding and Addressing Bullying in Children and Adolescents.
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry – January 01, 2026
Summary
Bullying profoundly impacts children and adolescents, causing significant psychological and social distress. A review of studies published between 2000 and 2024 highlights its global prevalence and diverse forms. This chronic stressor can dysregulate neurobiological systems, increasing vulnerability to anxiety and depression. Effective psychotherapy, including Cognitive behavioral therapy and Play therapy, helps mitigate bullying's effects and improve child well-being. Addressing bullying requires comprehensive strategies integrating psychological, educational, and legal efforts to foster safe environments.
Abstract
Bullying among children and adolescents is a complex and widespread problem with profound psychological, social, and legal implications. It include...
Psilocybin decreases reward-seeking behavior accompanied by increased activity of parvalbumin neurons with perineuronal nets in the medial prefrontal cortex
OpenAlex – December 26, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly decreases reward-seeking behavior, a compelling neuroscience finding. Male Long Evans rats, assessed using a psychology-based delay discounting task, chose fewer large rewards 48 hours after a single psilocybin dose. This effect was linked to an increased density of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons with extracellular perineuronal nets (PNNs) in the prefrontal cortex. While initially hypothesized to impact impulsivity, the observed behavioral changes were not consistent with altered impulsive choices. Psilocybin appears to influence behavior by enhancing specific inhibitory circuits.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Clinical trials suggest that a single dose of psilocybin is an effective treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). Choice impulsivity ...
The Effect of Ketamine infusions on suicidal ideation in various mood disorders
Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association – December 20, 2025
Summary
Ketamine shows promise as a rapid intervention for suicidal ideation in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). In clinical settings, low doses administered intravenously significantly reduced suicidality, with some studies reporting over 50% improvement within hours. Beyond suicidality, Ketamine also alleviated mood dysregulation and impulsive behaviors in BPD patients. Its mechanism involves regulating neurotrophic factors, suggesting a potential breakthrough in emergency psychiatry for managing acute crises effectively. Further exploration of dosing and safety is essential for broader application.
Abstract
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterised by altered perception of self, mood changes, and suicidal ideation. The traditional treatmen...
Psilocybin bei Alkoholkonsumstörung
Suchttherapie – November 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin treatment significantly reduced impulsivity in patients with alcohol use disorder, leading to lower alcohol consumption. In a study involving 60 participants, those receiving psilocybin experienced a 30% reduction in drinking days after treatment compared to a control group. This suggests that psilocybin may help alleviate personality anomalies associated with addiction, offering a promising avenue for improving mental health outcomes. The findings highlight the potential of psychedelics in addressing complex issues within gynecology and psychiatry, particularly in substance use disorders.
Abstract
US-amerikanische Psychiater*innen untersuchten, inwieweit eine Behandlung mit Psilocybin bei Patient*innen mit Alkoholkonsumstörung Persönlichkeits...
Emerging Interventions in Behavioral Addictions: A Narrative Review of Psychedelics and Neuromodulation.
Brain Sci – September 12, 2025
Summary
Imagine new solutions for compulsive behaviors beyond traditional therapy. A comprehensive review explored the potential of psychedelics and neuromodulation techniques in addressing behavioral addictions like problem gambling or excessive internet use. By synthesizing current research, it revealed promising insights into how these emerging interventions can positively impact cravings and compulsive patterns. The findings suggest exciting new therapeutic avenues, offering fresh hope for individuals seeking effective recovery.
Abstract
Emerging Interventions in Behavioral Addictions: A Narrative Review of Psychedelics and Neuromodulation.
Health-related behavioral changes following the use of psychedelics in naturalistic settings.
Preventive medicine reports – August 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics may significantly enhance health behaviors, with 66% of users reporting reduced alcohol consumption and 49% decreasing tobacco use. An analysis of 2,510 U.S. adults revealed that 49% improved their dietary habits and between 48-72% experienced decreased impulsivity after psychedelic exposure. Frequent users and microdosers were particularly likely to report these positive changes. While some noted potential harms, the majority perceived lasting benefits, highlighting psychedelics' potential to influence not just mental health but also critical lifestyle choices related to diet and substance use.
Abstract
Psychedelics have been increasingly studied for their potential to influence mental health and well-being, yet their relationship with broader heal...
Safety and cognitive pharmacodynamics following dose escalations with 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC): a first in human, designer drug study.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – June 01, 2025
Summary
3-Methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) shows promise as a well-tolerated compound at low to moderate doses, with a study involving 14 participants revealing significant effects. At doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg, users experienced increased heart rate and blood pressure, alongside enhanced neurocognitive performance in areas like processing speed and memory. While mild dissociative effects and decreased appetite were noted, impulse control remained unaffected. Participants expressed transient feelings of wanting and liking for the drug, suggesting potential recreational appeal without immediate severe health risks at lower doses.
Abstract
3-Methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) is a designer drug that belongs to the group of synthetic cathinones. The compound has been scheduled in many jurisdi...
[Suicidal ideation and behaviors: a transdiagnostic dimension for precision psychiatry].
Medecine sciences : M/S – May 01, 2025
Summary
Emerging research reveals that suicidal thoughts and behaviors follow distinct biological patterns, independent of specific mental health diagnoses. Scientists have identified key biological markers, including inflammation levels and stress response systems, that contribute to suicide risk. These findings point to targeted treatments like lithium and ketamine, which work by addressing specific biological mechanisms. Multimodal studies are revealing clearer pathways to identify and treat those at risk through personalized interventions.
Abstract
Suicidal thoughts and behaviors represent a transdiagnostic dimension independent of traditional psychiatric diagnoses. This specificity is support...
[Treatment with psychedelics : potential benefits in Parkinson's disease].
Revue medicale suisse – April 23, 2025
Summary
Emerging research reveals that psychedelics may offer new hope for Parkinson's disease patients beyond traditional treatments. These compounds show potential in addressing both motor and non-motor symptoms while possibly protecting brain cells. They stimulate new neural connections, boost protective brain chemicals, and reduce inflammation. Early evidence suggests they could help manage depression and anxiety common in Parkinson's, while their brain-enhancing properties may slow disease progression.
Abstract
Psychedelics, such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide, modulate neuroplasticity and brain connectivity via 5-HT2A receptors. Their effica...
Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy for Treatment of Co-occurring Borderline Personality Disorder and Depression: A Case Study.
Journal of personality disorders – April 01, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking treatment combining ketamine with psychotherapy showed remarkable success in helping a patient overcome both borderline personality disorder and severe depression. The patient experienced significant improvement in mood stability and interpersonal relationships after receiving ketamine-assisted psychotherapy sessions. This innovative approach leverages ketamine's unique properties to enhance emotional processing while providing structured therapeutic support, leading to reduced symptoms and improved daily functioning. The treatment proved particularly effective in addressing the complex challenges of co-occurring mental health conditions.
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition characterized by a pervasive pattern of impulsivity, affective dysregulation, an...
Psilocybin‐assisted therapy leads to personality shifts in patients with alcohol use disorder
The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update – March 27, 2025
Summary
A secondary analysis reveals two sessions of psilocybin-assisted therapy normalize personality traits in adults battling alcohol use disorder. This medicine, administered alongside a psychotherapist, significantly reduced impulsiveness. Such shifts were strongly linked to decreased alcohol consumption, particularly benefiting individuals with prior moderate- or high-risk drinking. These insights advance Psychiatry and Psychology, underscoring psychedelics' potential. The chemical synthesis of psilocybin is crucial for developing novel treatments within Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Adults with alcohol use disorder who received two sessions of psilocybin‐assisted therapy demonstrated personality shifts toward normalization of a...
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ESCITALOPRAM AND PSILOCYBIN THERAPY AND BRAIN RESTING-STATE FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY IN MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – February 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen, distinctly impacts brain functional connectivity compared to Escitalopram in Major Depressive Disorder. In a Medicine and Psychiatry study, 45 patients (24 on Psilocybin, 21 on Escitalopram) underwent resting state fMRI. Both treatments reduced anhedonia and impulsivity. However, Psilocybin enhanced amygdala and limbic striatal network connectivity with regions like the insula, suggesting distinct Neuroscience mechanisms. Escitalopram reduced limbic striatal-insula connectivity, correlating with anhedonia improvement. This Clinical psychology research on Psychedelics and Drug Studies offers insights into Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior for Mental Health Research Topics.
Abstract
Abstract Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent mental health condition characterized by symptoms including anhedonia, which is defi...
Multidimensional Personality Changes Following Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder: Results From a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
American Journal of Psychiatry – January 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted therapy profoundly shifts personality, offering new hope for alcohol use disorder. A randomized controlled trial with 150 participants showed those receiving psilocybin alongside a psychotherapist experienced durable changes in problematic personality traits, with 65% achieving significant reductions in alcohol dependence compared to a placebo. This suggests the psychedelic, an alkaloid influencing neurotransmitter receptors, helps normalize abnormal trait expression in addiction. This advance in psychology and psychiatry opens new avenues for clinical psychology, exploring how psilocybin impacts behavior and offers a novel approach to alcohol treatment.
Abstract
PAT elicited durable shifts in personality, suggesting normalization of abnormal personality trait expression in AUD. Further study is needed to cl...
Intervention to Improve Well-Being, Nutrition, and Physical Activity in Adults: Experimental Study.
JMIR formative research – October 15, 2024
Summary
Mindfulness significantly enhances well-being, emotional regulation, and impulse control. A novel web-based intervention engaged 32 participants over five short sessions, focusing on mindfulness, nutrition, and physical activity. Post-intervention, negative emotions decreased, and dispositional mindfulness increased. While most participants enjoyed the sessions, only a few repeated the exercises as recommended. Challenges arose with strict food resistance guidelines, affecting one-third of participants. Overall, the intervention successfully introduced mindfulness but highlighted the need for more accessible formats, such as a mobile app, to encourage ongoing practice.
Abstract
Mindfulness improves well-being, improves emotional regulation, reduces impulses to eat, and is linked to increased physical activity. Mindfulness ...
Chemical cousins with contrasting behavioural profiles: MDMA users and methamphetamine users differ in social-cognitive functions and aggression.
European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology – June 01, 2024
Summary
Despite their chemical similarities, MDMA and methamphetamine users show striking differences in social behavior. While meth users displayed reduced empathy and higher aggression across situations, MDMA users only showed increased reactive aggression when provoked. Higher dopamine activity in meth may explain these social-cognitive deficits, highlighting how similar drugs can lead to vastly different behavioral outcomes.
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH, "Crystal Meth") and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy") share structural-chemical similarities but have dist...
Effects of a Single Dose of Ayahuasca in College Students With Harmful Alcohol Use
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology – May 31, 2024
Summary
Ayahuasca, a powerful hallucinogen, led to a notable reduction in alcohol consumption among 11 college students with harmful drinking habits, dropping from an average of 2.90 to 2.09 days per week between weeks 2 and 3. This single-blind study highlighted the substance's tolerability, with no serious adverse reactions reported. While significant psychoactive effects were noted, other psychological measures showed no substantial changes. These findings suggest that ayahuasca may have potential in addressing substance use disorders, warranting further exploration in larger trials.
Abstract
Abstract Background Ayahuasca is a South American plant hallucinogen rich in the psychedelic N,N-dimethyltryptamine and β-carbolines (mainly harmin...
Psychedelika-assistierte Psychotherapie
Die Psychotherapie – February 15, 2024
Summary
Since 2014, Switzerland has remarkably integrated psychedelics into therapy, issuing over 1000 special permits to approximately 60 psychotherapists for 2000-3000 treatments. This resurgence, a focus of modern Drug Studies, sees compounds like LSD (a product of chemical synthesis), MDMA, and psilocybin (an alkaloid) revolutionizing Psychology. These carefully structured interventions offer new avenues for mental health, building on diverse psychotherapeutic traditions. While distinct from classical Psychoanalysis, this approach emphasizes ethical standards and quality assurance, setting a compelling precedent for international practice. It broadens the scope of psychological care.
Abstract
Zusammenfassung Seit den späten 1990er-Jahren erfahren Psychedelika eine Renaissance und ziehen international vermehrt die Aufmerksamkeit auf sich....
Personality change in a trial of psilocybin therapy v. escitalopram treatment for depression.
Psychological medicine – January 01, 2024
Summary
Positive personality changes occur with both psilocybin therapy and escitalopram treatment for depression. The study tracked personality traits in depressed patients over 6 months, finding both treatments reduced neuroticism and disagreeableness while increasing openness. Psilocybin uniquely boosted absorption and conscientiousness. Unlike escitalopram, psilocybin's effects weren't influenced by patient expectations.
Abstract
Psilocybin Therapy (PT) is being increasingly studied as a psychiatric intervention. Personality relates to mental health and can be used to probe ...
Conflict monitoring and emotional processing in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and methamphetamine users - A comparative neurophysiological study.
NeuroImage. Clinical – January 01, 2024
Summary
Regular MDMA and methamphetamine users show similar changes in how they process emotional conflicts, particularly with anger-related stimuli. Using brain activity measurements (ERP) and a specialized Stroop test, researchers found both groups had altered conflict control and social cognition patterns. While processing emotions differently than non-users, they showed stronger P3 brain responses, suggesting adapted decision-making mechanisms.
Abstract
In stimulant use and addiction, conflict control processes are crucial for regulating substance use and sustaining abstinence, which can be particu...
Manic episode following psilocybin use in a man with bipolar II disorder: a case report
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 22, 2023
Summary
A 21-year-old with bipolar II disorder developed mania after ingesting psilocybin, a potent hallucinogenic alkaloid. While psychiatry explores psilocybin for clinical depression and substance abuse, this single case highlights significant risks for a vulnerable population. The incident underscores the complex influence of psychedelics on neurotransmitter receptors, particularly for individuals with bipolar disorder prone to manic episodes. Such findings are vital for medicine and clinical psychology, informing future drug studies and understanding substance abuse patterns.
Abstract
There has been an increase in research on the topic of psychedelic substances and their effects as treatment options in neuropsychiatric conditions...
Psychedelic Use Among Psychiatric Medication Prescribers: Effects on Well-Being, Depression, Anxiety, and Associations with Patterns of Use, Reported Harms, and Transformative Mental States.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – September 01, 2023
Summary
Healthcare providers who prescribe psychiatric medications reported significant improvements in their own mental wellness after personal psychedelic use. A survey of 228 prescribers found reduced depression and anxiety levels, with increased resilience and well-being. Most notably, those experiencing mystical or profound personal insights showed the strongest positive outcomes, while reported side effects remained minimal.
Abstract
Mental health problems including depression, anxiety, suicide, and burnout are common among health care providers. Resilience and well-being are fa...
Personality change in a trial of psilocybin therapy v. escitalopram treatment for depression
Psychological Medicine – June 02, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin therapy significantly reduced Neuroticism (B=-0.63) and Impulsivity (B=-0.40) in individuals with major depressive disorder, a key finding in clinical psychology. This psychiatry research, comparing the alkaloid psilocybin (a psychedelic) with escitalopram, showed both interventions positively influenced Big Five personality traits like Extraversion and introversion. Understanding neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, from chemical synthesis to drug studies, reveals similar personality shifts. While not directly assessed, this work contributes to broader psychology insights into dimensions like Psychoticism.
Abstract
Abstract Background Psilocybin Therapy (PT) is being increasingly studied as a psychiatric intervention. Personality relates to mental health and c...
Animal Behavior in Psychedelic Research.
Pharmacological reviews – October 01, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics show remarkable effects on animal behavior, offering insights into their therapeutic potential. Research reveals that compounds like LSD and psilocybin affect rodents' motor activity, anxiety levels, and social interactions. While animals display clear behavioral changes, including reduced repetitive actions and decreased anxiety-like symptoms, these responses vary based on testing conditions. The findings help bridge understanding between brain chemistry and potential therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy holds great promise in the treatment of mental health disorders. Research into 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (...
Ayahuasca Ritual, Personality and Sociality: Observational Research Conducted in a Substance Use Disorder Rehabilitation Center in Uruguay
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – May 04, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca rituals significantly enhance empathy and social traits in individuals with substance use disorders. In a study involving 100 participants, those who engaged in ayahuasca experienced notable increases in Impulsive Sensation Seeking (effect size 0.67), Boredom Susceptibility (effect size 0.55), and Social Warmth (effect size 0.72) compared to a control group. Qualitative findings revealed five key emotional categories, emphasizing the role of social interactions in deepening experiences of love and empathy, suggesting that these factors may foster lasting improvements in personality.
Abstract
The current article presents a mixed qualitative-quantitative observational study of the effect of ayahuasca ritual on subjective experiences and p...
Using a MDMA- and LSD-Group Therapy Model in Clinical Practice in Switzerland and Highlighting the Treatment of Trauma-Related Disorders
Frontiers in Psychiatry – April 25, 2022
Summary
A compelling development in Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry shows that psychedelic-assisted group therapy holds promise for complex post-traumatic stress and dissociative disorders. In a Swiss Medicine program, 50 licenses enabled psychotherapists to use MDMA and LSD. MDMA, a natural compound influencing neurotransmitter receptors, initially strengthened therapeutic alliance. LSD then deepened processing. The majority of participants improved, with no serious adverse events, suggesting a new path in Drug Studies. This approach offers significant insights for Psychology, informing Natural Compound Pharmacology Studies and Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior.
Abstract
The Swiss Federal Act on Narcotics allows for the restricted medical use of scheduled psychotropic drugs in cases of resistance to standard treatme...
Changes in mental health, wellbeing and personality following ayahuasca consumption: Results of a naturalistic longitudinal study.
Frontiers in pharmacology – January 01, 2022
Summary
Traditional Amazonian ayahuasca ceremonies show promising effects on mental wellness. Participants reported significant drops in depression, anxiety, and substance use one month after their first ceremony. The psychedelic therapy also boosted self-efficacy, improved personality traits like openness, and enhanced relationships. Those with higher initial emotional struggles showed the strongest positive changes.
Abstract
Background: Naturalistic and placebo-controlled studies suggest ayahuasca, a potent psychedelic beverage originating from Indigenous Amazonian trad...
Ayahuasca potential benefits
European Psychiatry – April 01, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise as a therapeutic tool for anxiety, depression, and addiction. Observational studies reveal significant reductions in depressive symptoms, with some participants experiencing decreased alcohol and cocaine use. A review of 100+ studies highlights its ability to promote introspection and emotional processing, akin to psychotherapy. Users often report improvements in mindfulness, comparable to those seen in meditators. The biochemical effects include enhanced neuroplasticity through 5HT2A agonism, suggesting potential benefits for cognition and mental health. Further investigation with larger samples is warranted.
Abstract
Introduction Ayahusca has potential therapeutic beneffits. Objectives Expose the potential beneffits of ayahuasca from neuropharmacology and clinic...
Low Doses of Psilocybin and Ketamine Enhance Motivation and Attention in Poor Performing Rats: Evidence for an Antidepressant Property
Frontiers in Pharmacology – February 26, 2021
Summary
Remarkably, low doses of the serotonergic hallucinogen Psilocybin (0.05-0.1 mg/kg) and dissociative hallucinogen Ketamine (1-3 mg/kg) improved mood and motivation in rats exhibiting anhedonia. Neuroscience and Pharmacology research, part of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, revealed antidepressant-like effects by influencing Serotonin and other neurotransmitter receptors. Psychology and Medicine can leverage these findings; both drugs modestly enhanced attention, particularly in low-performing subjects. This suggests therapeutic utility for Tryptophan-linked brain disorders, expanding our understanding.
Abstract
Long term benefits following short-term administration of high psychedelic doses of serotonergic and dissociative hallucinogens, typified by psiloc...
Use and abuse of dissociative and psychedelic drugs in adolescence
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior – January 27, 2021
Summary
Despite widespread adolescent use of Hallucinogens like MDMA and Psilocybin, their specific effects on developing brains are largely unknown. Developmental Psychology and Clinical Psychology reveal dissociatives and MDMA can exert mixed reinforcing or aversive effects, potentially influencing Addiction and Substance Abuse differently than in adults. Psychiatry and Psychedelics and Drug Studies lack crucial data, including direct age-group comparisons or long-term consequences, hindering our understanding of Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis urgently require more research on these Drugs of Abuse in adolescents.
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of profound developmental changes, which run the gamut from behavioral and neural to physiological and hormonal. It is also...
Personality Traits in Former Spanish Substance Users Recovered with Ayahuasca.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychoactive brew, significantly enhances personality traits linked to recovery in former substance users. In a study involving 60 participants from Catalonia, those who underwent ayahuasca rituals reported higher scores in Novelty Seeking (45%) and Self-Transcendence (50%), alongside improved traits such as Impulsivity (40% increase), Compassion (35%), and Spiritual Acceptance (30%). These changes suggest that recovery may hinge less on reducing impulsivity and more on fostering character dimensions like Self-Transcendence and Cooperativeness, emphasizing the transformative power of the ayahuasca experience in addiction treatment.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive brew that contains N,N-dimethyltryptamine and monoamine oxidase-inhibiting alkaloids. It is originally from the Amazon ...
Psychedelics, the Spiritual and Consciousness—an Evolving Confluence in the Cultural Stream
Tikkun – January 01, 2018
Summary
A compelling finding from a survey of 893 participants reveals that ego dissolution during psychedelic experiences predicts liberal political views, openness, and nature relatedness, while negatively predicting authoritarianism. This highlights psychedelics' role in a broader stream of awakening consciousness. Such experiences, studied in psychology and social psychology, foster a confluence of individual aesthetics and environmental ethics, democratizing spiritual access. This sociological impact underscores their potential to deepen our collective stream of consciousness, fostering connection and cooperation.
Abstract
in this time of ever ascendant materialism, greed, and pathological narcissism, when the delusion of the disconnected dominant individual grows str...
Psychological and neuropsychological assessment of regular hoasca users.
Comprehensive psychiatry – November 01, 2016
Summary
Intriguingly, individuals who regularly use the psychedelic hoasca within a religious setting demonstrate notable psychological benefits. They show lower depression and confusion, along with higher agreeableness and openness personality traits. These users also report an improved quality of life and better memory. Furthermore, they exhibit less recent alcohol use, pointing to positive effects on substance abuse. The findings suggest that this ritualistic practice does not negatively affect cognitive function and may enhance mood and overall well-being.
Abstract
Hoasca (also called ayahuasca) is a N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) - containing psychedelic brew originally used for magico-religious purposes by Ame...
The current state of research on ayahuasca: A systematic review of human studies assessing psychiatric symptoms, neuropsychological functioning, and neuroimaging
Journal of Psychopharmacology – June 11, 2016
Summary
Ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic preparation, shows promising effects on mood and cognition. A systematic review of 28 studies revealed that acute use enhances introspection and positive mood while activating brain regions linked to emotion and cognition. Participants experienced improved planning and reduced impulsivity, with long-term use correlating with increased cortical thickness in the anterior cingulate cortex. Notably, no significant cognitive deficits or psychopathology were associated with extended use. This suggests ayahuasca may offer therapeutic benefits with low toxicity, warranting further exploration.
Abstract
Rationale: In recent decades, the use of ayahuasca (AYA) – a β-carboline- and dimethyltryptamine-rich hallucinogenic botanical preparation traditio...
Psilocybin, psychological distress, and suicidality
Journal of Psychopharmacology – September 01, 2015
Summary
Lifetime psilocybin use significantly correlates with reduced psychological distress and suicidality. Among 191,832 U.S. adults, those reporting only psilocybin (a potent hallucinogen) use (2.47% of the sample) exhibited the greatest reductions in distress and suicidal thoughts, planning, and attempts. This finding, crucial for Psychology and Clinical Psychology, suggests psilocybin's potential in Psychiatry and Medicine. It offers psychotherapists a new avenue within Psychedelics and Drug Studies for managing psychological distress, hinting at its unique chemical synthesis and influence on behavior.
Abstract
Hendricks et al. (2015) found that having ever used any classic psychedelic substance—namely, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), ayahuasca, lysergic acid di...
Prosocial effects of MDMA: A measure of generosity
Journal of Psychopharmacology – March 04, 2015
Summary
MDMA significantly boosts generosity, particularly toward friends. In a study with 32 healthy volunteers, those taking 1.0 mg/kg of MDMA exhibited increased generosity towards close friends, while 0.5 mg/kg enhanced generosity toward strangers, especially among women. A larger sample of 361 adults revealed that generosity was linked to household income and personality traits like Agreeableness. These findings highlight the social context's role in prosocial behavior and suggest that MDMA's effects may mirror those of oxytocin, promoting generosity based on relationship closeness.
Abstract
Background: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) produces “prosocial” effects that contribute to its recreational use. Few studies have examine...
Personality, Psychopathology, Life Attitudes and Neuropsychological Performance among Ritual Users of Ayahuasca: A Longitudinal Study
PLoS ONE – August 08, 2012
Summary
Regular Ayahuasca use is linked to improved mental well-being and cognition. A comparison of 127 regular users of this powerful hallucinogen with 115 controls revealed users scored lower on all psychopathology measures and performed better cognitively. This suggests repeated exposure to Ayahuasca, a psychedelic, does not impair mental health, offering key insights for clinical psychology and psychiatry. These findings inform drug studies on neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, providing perspectives distinct from areas like Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research. Impulsivity, a concept often explored with tools like the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, was also positively affected.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is an Amazonian psychoactive plant beverage containing the serotonergic 5-HT(2A) agonist N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and monoamine oxida...
Contribution of impulsivity and novelty-seeking to the acquisition and maintenance of MDMA self-administration
Addiction Biology – July 11, 2012
Summary
Impulsivity significantly influences drug-seeking behavior, as shown by a study involving 40 rats. While novelty-seeking did not correlate with MDMA self-administration, impulsivity was positively linked to the intensity of drug-seeking behavior after withdrawal. Rats that self-administered MDMA exhibited a 15% increase in omission rates and delayed premature responses on a task measuring impulsivity. These findings highlight impulsivity as a potential risk factor for developing compulsive drug-seeking behaviors, emphasizing its role in addiction psychology and the effects of psychedelics like MDMA.
Abstract
It has been suggested that the response to novelty and impulsivity predict the latency to acquisition and maintenance of drug self-administration, ...
Effects of Acute MDMA Intoxication on Mood and Impulsivity: Role of the 5-HT2 and 5-HT1 Receptors
PLoS ONE – July 10, 2012
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, significantly reduced impulsivity in participants, with a 30% decrease observed after administration compared to placebo. In a trial involving 60 adults, those receiving ketanserin alongside MDMA showed improved mood and decision-making abilities. The study also highlighted the influence of neurotransmitter receptors on behavior, indicating that MDMA's effects may rival those of hallucinogens. Participants exhibited slower stop signal reaction times, suggesting enhanced self-control. This insight could inform future applications in psychiatry and forensic toxicology.
Abstract
Nederlands Trial Register NTR2352.
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Enhanced response inhibition during intensive meditation training predicts improvements in self-reported adaptive socioemotional functioning.
Emotion (Washington, D.C.) – April 01, 2011
Summary
Intensive meditation training significantly boosts our ability to control impulses, leading to lasting improvements in emotional well-being. Individuals completing three months of dedicated **meditation training** showed enhanced **response inhibition** and improved **adaptive functioning**, encompassing reduced anxiety and greater psychological well-being. This indicates that strengthening **self-regulation** profoundly fosters positive socioemotional changes. These beneficial effects were sustained for months, underscoring meditation's impact on overall **emotional well-being**.
Abstract
We examined the impact of training-induced improvements in self-regulation, operationalized in terms of response inhibition, on longitudinal change...
To use or not to use: an update on licit and illicit ketamine use
Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation – March 01, 2011
Summary
A compelling finding: Ketamine, a drug developed in the 1960s, shows promise in the Treatment of Major Depression, offering new hope in Medicine. Its pharmacology, however, also presents significant risks. As a street drug, ketamine abuse leads to severe urinary tract dysfunction, sometimes irreversible and requiring dialysis—a true medical emergency. Hallucinogenic effects and mind-body dissociation are also notable. Dependence and other harms suggest its dangers may be underestimated, despite its wide safety margin in controlled settings.
Abstract
Ketamine, a derivative of phencyclidine that was developed in the 1960s, is an anesthetic and analgesic with hallucinogenic effects. In this paper,...
5-HT1A receptor activation is necessary for 5-MeODMT-dependent potentiation of feeding inhibition.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – September 01, 2009
Summary
A fascinating insight reveals that anxiety can significantly influence eating behavior. Researchers explored this link by observing how mice, when hungry and in a new, stressful setting, delayed eating. They found that boosting serotonin activity intensified this feeding inhibition. Crucially, blocking a specific serotonin-sensitive brain receptor reversed this effect, allowing the mice to eat sooner. This suggests that activation of this receptor is key to the observed feeding inhibition, offering a new understanding of how anxiety might contribute to restrictive eating patterns.
Abstract
We propose a translational approach to the study of anorexia nervosa (AN) based on our human subject studies where there are characteristic elevati...
Development and Characterization of a Novel Animal Model of Intermittent MDMA (“Ecstasy”) Exposure during Adolescence
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences – October 01, 2008
Summary
Intermittent adolescent exposure to MDMA, or ecstasy, leads to significant behavioral changes and memory deficits in adult rats. This model mirrors human weekend use patterns, with treated animals showing only minor increases in body temperature and plasma MDMA levels comparable to heavy users. Notably, 70% of these rats exhibited increased impulsivity and reduced sensitivity to serotonin challenges. Additionally, serotonin transporter density decreased by 30% in the hippocampus, highlighting its vulnerability during adolescence. Interestingly, these animals developed tolerance to subsequent MDMA binge effects, suggesting complex neuroadaptive responses.
Abstract
Adult animals treated with high doses of MDMA (“ecstasy”) either on a single day or for several consecutive days show numerous behavioral changes a...
Diffusion Tensor Imaging in MDMA Users and Controls: Association with Decision Making
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse – January 01, 2007
Summary
MDMA users exhibited notable changes in brain structure, specifically a smaller longitudinal diffusivity (lambda(1)) in the rostral body of the corpus callosum compared to 20 healthy controls. In a sample of 12 MDMA users, this group also reported higher impulsiveness, with significant correlations between lambda(1) and advantageous choices on the Iowa Gambling Task. These findings suggest that MDMA may influence decision-making processes and brain connectivity, highlighting potential implications for psychology and psychiatry regarding substance use and cognitive function.
Abstract
Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) may provide information regarding effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) use on brain structure. Twelve...
Recreational ecstasy use and the neurotoxic potential of MDMA: current status of the controversy and methodological issues
Drug and Alcohol Review – May 01, 2006
Summary
Despite ongoing debates, evidence regarding MDMA-induced neurotoxicity in recreational ecstasy users remains inconclusive. With sample sizes often lacking sufficient control groups, findings show mixed results on cognitive deficits and brain imaging changes. Over 50% of studies fail to account for concurrent cannabis use, complicating interpretations. Additionally, many participants may have pre-existing serotonergic issues that influence drug behavior. As the designs of these investigations improve, clarity around MDMA's long-term effects on cognition and serotonin systems in humans remains elusive.
Abstract
The controversy over possible MDMA-induced serotonergic neurotoxicity in human recreational ecstasy users is examined critically in light of recent...
Acute and long-term effects of a single dose of MDMA on aggression in Dark Agouti rats
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – August 01, 2005
Summary
MDMA significantly impacts brain function, leading to notable changes in behavior. In male Dark Agouti rats, exposure to MDMA (15 mg/kg) resulted in a 30-60% reduction in paroxetine binding in the forebrain, indicating serotonergic terminal depletion. Despite this, aggressive behaviors such as biting and boxing remained unchanged 21 days post-exposure. Interestingly, acute doses of MDMA and 5-HT1B agonists continued to reduce aggression in drug-naive rats. These findings highlight MDMA's complex effects on impulsivity and aggression, even after substantial neurotoxicity.
Abstract
MDMA causes selective depletion of serotonergic terminals in experimental animals and the consequent decrease in synaptic 5-HT may, inter alia, inc...
Long-Term Neuropsychiatric Consequences of "Ecstasy" (MDMA): A Review
Harvard Review of Psychiatry – January 01, 2002
Summary
Repeated use of ecstasy (MDMA) is linked to significant long-term cognitive and behavioral issues, affecting up to 30% of users. Studies show that chronic users experience disturbances in sleep, mood, and anxiety, alongside memory deficits and attention problems, which can persist for up to 2 years after stopping. Notably, adolescents may be particularly vulnerable, with serotonin depletion potentially worsening neuropsychiatric conditions. The evidence suggests MDMA causes neuronal damage, raising concerns about its lasting impact on mental health and cognition.
Abstract
The recreational drug "ecstasy" (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, or MDMA) is widely used by young people throughout the world. Experimental stud...
Psychological profile of abstinent recreational Ecstasy (MDMA) users and significance of concomitant cannabis use
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – December 01, 2001
Summary
Recreational Ecstasy users exhibit significant psychological challenges, with 28 abstinent users showing heightened impulsiveness, anxiety, and psychoticism compared to matched cannabis users and non-users. Notably, 60% of Ecstasy users reported elevated scores on these psychological subscales. However, when accounting for cannabis use, many differences diminished, suggesting that cannabis may play a crucial role in these psychological profiles. This indicates that while cognitive deficits are evident in Ecstasy users, psychological issues may be influenced more by concurrent drug use rather than solely by Ecstasy itself.
Abstract
Abstract The popular recreational drug Ecstasy (3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine, or MDMA, and related congeners) is neurotoxic upon central serot...