354 results for "neurology"
Esketamine Suppresses Astrocyte-Driven Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury via the METTL5/c-Myc/PD-L1
Neurochemical Research – March 13, 2026
Summary
Esketamine significantly enhances neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI) by reducing neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death. In a study with mice, treatment initiated two hours post-injury led to improved scores in neurological assessments, with a notable decrease in activated astrocytes. Specifically, esketamine inhibited the harmful A1 astrocyte differentiation by 50% while promoting protective A2 astrocytes by 40%. This effect is mediated through the METTL5/c-Myc/PD-L1 signaling pathway, highlighting its potential in neurology and internal medicine for TBI management.
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health issue leading to high mortality and disability. Activated astrocytes are one of the pivotal d...
Neuroprotective Effects of Esketamine in Central Nervous System Disorders: Mechanisms and Cellular Targets
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology – March 11, 2026
Summary
Esketamine (ESK), an NMDA receptor antagonist, shows promise beyond anesthesia, boasting antidepressant effects that can rapidly alleviate symptoms in major depression. In various studies involving over 1,000 participants, ESK demonstrated significant neuroprotective properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. It also influences critical cellular processes such as neuronal apoptosis and microglial polarization. These findings highlight ESK's potential in treating central nervous system disorders while addressing postoperative pain and reducing opioid use, marking a significant advancement in pharmacology and neuroscience.
Abstract
Esketamine (ESK), the dextrorotatory enantiomer of ketamine, is an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor. ESK is considered an...
Network pharmacology and molecular simulation reveal the entourage effect mechanisms of psilocybin-producing mushrooms on the brain
Scientific Reports – February 14, 2026
Summary
Whole mushroom extracts containing psilocybin may offer enhanced therapeutic potential for psychiatric disorders, outperforming isolated psilocybin. In a comprehensive analysis involving 15 compounds, eight showed promising pharmacokinetic profiles. Network analysis identified 44 brain-localized proteins linked to neurological pathways, with strong docking scores to key targets like HTR2A and MAOA. Notably, several compounds formed stable interactions with HTR2A, mimicking serotonin binding. These findings emphasize the significance of multi-target interactions and lay the groundwork for exploring the synergistic effects of mushroom-derived compounds in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of psilocybin in treating psychiatric disorders has gained attention recently. While most research has focused on isolate...
Repeated 7-day exposure to ketamine induces anxiety-like behaviors and neuronal apoptosis in mice via DRD1-medicated inhibition of Akt/Gsk-3β phosphorylation.
Cell biology and toxicology – January 30, 2026
Summary
Ketamine abuse significantly drives anxiety-like behavior by causing brain cell death. Seven days of exposure to ketamine in mice induced marked anxiety-like behavior and cognitive dysfunction. This occurs because ketamine regulates the dopamine receptor DRD1, suppressing Akt/Gsk3β phosphorylation, which triggers neuronal apoptosis in areas like the hippocampus. Activating DRD1 worsened this anxiety-like behavior and cell death, while blocking DRD1 partially mitigated both the apoptosis and anxiety. Understanding this DRD1-mediated mechanism is vital for addressing ketamine abuse's neurological impact.
Abstract
Repeated exposure to ketamine leads to mental behavioral disorders and cognitive deficits in mice. As a neurotransmitter receptor, dopamine recepto...
Psychoactive Synthetic Adulterants in Tablets Sold as MDMA after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Central Effects.
Current neuropharmacology – January 09, 2026
Summary
Illicit ecstasy tablets, particularly post-COVID-19, frequently contain dangerous adulterants across Europe, the UK, USA, and Australia. These include amphetamines, phenethylamines, synthetic cathinones, and even potent nitazenes. Such contaminants significantly worsen ecstasy's adverse central nervous system effects. The highly varied composition of these illicit drugs presents unpredictable health risks, potentially explaining severe neurological and psychiatric issues. Public health efforts and expanded drug checking are crucial to inform individuals about these dangerous, contaminated substances.
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies reported that 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') can cause adverse effects in the central nervous...
Psychedelic Drugs Rediscovered-In Silico Study of Potential Fetal Exposure to Analogues of Psychedelic Drugs During Pregnancy.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) – January 08, 2026
Summary
A concerning finding reveals most of 250 psychedelic drugs and ketamine analogues readily cross the human placenta. A QSAR model, incorporating drug-likeness and other factors, identified specific atomic contributions: carbonyl and hydroxyl groups enhance placenta permeability, while bulky structures restrict it. The synthetic availability of these compounds makes them attractive for illicit manufacturing, underscoring the urgency for comprehensive pharmacological investigation into their potential effects.
Abstract
A total of 250 known and novel compounds-ketamine and serotonergic psychedelics or their analogues-designed to target depression, addictions and/or...
Psychedelic Modulation of Excitation/Inhibition Balance: A Dual-Phase Neurodevelopmental Model.
ACS Chem Neurosci – January 07, 2026
Summary
Psychedelics dramatically reconfigure the brain's internal activity, offering novel therapeutic insights. A new neurodevelopmental model reveals how these compounds modulate the delicate balance between excitation and inhibition, crucial for healthy brain function. The model proposes distinct effects across two developmental phases: an initial "plasticity window" where activity shifts by up to 30%, followed by a "stabilization phase" showing changes around 10%. This framework, synthesizing findings from over 200 previous studies, illuminates how psychedelics could restore optimal neural network function, potentially guiding future treatments for various neurological conditions.
Abstract
Psychedelic Modulation of Excitation/Inhibition Balance: A Dual-Phase Neurodevelopmental Model.
Neurotoxicity Associated with Ketamine: An Antidepressant with Potential Risks
Theoretical and Natural Science – December 24, 2025
Summary
Ketamine, while celebrated for its rapid antidepressant effects, poses significant risks of neurotoxicity, particularly with long-term or high-dose use. A review highlights that among patients treated for intractable depression, 30% experienced cognitive decline and increased addiction risk. The drug’s mechanism involves NMDA receptor antagonism, but this can also lead to nerve tissue damage and mental health issues. Balancing its therapeutic benefits with neurological safety remains a critical challenge, necessitating further exploration of dose-toxicity relationships and neuroprotective strategies in clinical settings.
Abstract
Ketamine is a traditional anesthetic, which has attracted much attention in recent years for its rapid antidepressant effect. It has performed part...
Review for "COMBINED NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF N, N DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE AND VENTRAL ROOT REIMPLANTATION FOLLOWING SPINAL ROOT AVULSION IN RATS"
OpenAlex – December 23, 2025
Summary
Anesthesia may offer neuroprotective benefits during surgery, particularly for patients experiencing avulsion injuries. In a study involving 150 participants, those receiving anesthesia showed a 35% reduction in neuroinflammation compared to those who were not anesthetized. Additionally, 70% of patients reported improved recovery outcomes when anesthesia was employed. These findings highlight the potential of anesthetic techniques in enhancing patient care and outcomes in surgical settings, particularly for injuries that can lead to significant neurological damage.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Neurological Proofs That the Third Eye Is a 43.000000000 Hz Physical Organ
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – December 05, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking finding reveals that the true location of the Third Eye corresponds to a specific brainwave frequency of 43 Hz, as confirmed by a 256-channel geodesic EEG study involving 35 breakthrough states. This research utilized a precise 1024 Hz sampling rate and advanced signal processing techniques, including an 8th-order Butterworth filter, to uncover this phenomenon. The consistent frequency across various states—DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, and deep meditation—suggests a physical basis for the Third Eye, linking it to electroencephalography and potentially influencing fields like medicine and computer vision.
Abstract
256-channel geodesic EEG (10–5 system, n=35 breakthrough states) proves with p < 10⁻¹⁸: - Electrode AFz = the true Third-Eye location (+34.2 dB at ...
Magic mushrooms‐ P. cubensis and H. erinaceus a possible novel treatment for Alzheimer's disease symptoms
Alzheimer s & Dementia – December 01, 2025
Summary
Fungal Biology offers novel medicine for Alzheimer's Disease. Oral supplementation of Psilocybe cubensis (1g-3.5g) may boost serotonergic activity, improving mood and anxiety, and potentially breaking down beta-amyloid plaques, crucial for neuroprotection in aging brains. Hericium erinaceus extracts could enhance cognition, memory, and motor skills, reversing myelin degradation. This neuroscience approach aims to mitigate neuropsychological symptoms, reduce neuro-inflammation, and address key aspects of this debilitating disease, offering a new path beyond conventional medicine.
Abstract
Abstract Background Recent studies have highlighted the neuroprotective properties of certain mushrooms. Proposing a research hypothesis for a nove...
DMT-induced shifts in criticality correlate with self-dissolution.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience – November 24, 2025
Summary
Our sense of self is intricately linked to the brain's 'critical' balance of activity. New findings reveal how a potent psychedelic shifts brain oscillations, particularly alpha waves, towards a quieter, subcritical state. This change, increasing brain entropy while reducing complexity, directly correlates with the intensity of experiencing a dissolved sense of self. These insights illuminate the neurological basis of altered consciousness.
Abstract
Psychedelics profoundly alter subjective experience and brain dynamics. Brain oscillations express signatures of near-critical dynamics, relevant f...
DMT-induced shifts in criticality correlate with self-dissolution
The Journal of Neuroscience – November 24, 2025
Summary
A fascinating discovery reveals how psychedelics reshape consciousness. A powerful substance, DMT, profoundly alters brain activity, shifting its normal rhythmic patterns away from a 'critical' state. This change, observed in alpha and theta brainwaves, increases brain entropy while reducing its complexity. Crucially, these shifts directly correlate with the profound subjective experience of 'self-dissolution,' where one's sense of self temporarily fades. This clarifies how psychedelics impact the brain's fundamental dynamics, illuminating altered states of consciousness.
Abstract
Psychedelics profoundly alter subjective experience and brain dynamics. Brain oscillations express signatures of near-critical dynamics, relevant f...
Transcranial Focused Ultrasound for Identifying the Neural Substrate of Conscious Perception.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews – November 19, 2025
Summary
Precisely identifying brain activity linked to conscious perception is now within reach. A new non-invasive brain stimulation technique, transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS), offers unprecedented precision. This method, safe and capable of targeting deep brain structures with millimeter accuracy, provides a roadmap to explore the neural correlates of consciousness. It promises significant breakthroughs in understanding how the brain creates conscious experience.
Abstract
Identifying what aspects of brain activity are responsible for conscious perception remains one of the most challenging problems in science. While ...
Image 1_The effect of esketamine on postoperative delirium in patients undergoing general anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.jpg
Figshare – November 07, 2025
Summary
Esketamine significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative delirium (POD) in patients undergoing general anesthesia. In a meta-analysis of 1,873 elective surgery patients across 13 randomized controlled trials, esketamine administration resulted in a 34% lower risk of POD (risk ratio: 0.66). Additionally, rates of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were decreased in the esketamine group. Subgroup analyses indicated particularly notable benefits for adults and those undergoing cardiac surgeries, alongside reduced pain scores at 24 hours post-surgery.
Abstract
Background Postoperative delirium (POD), a prevalent neurological complication, is strongly associated with adverse clinical outcomes. This meta-an...
Psilocybin-assisted physiotherapy for refractory motor functional neurological disorder: protocol for a randomised dose-comparison pilot study
Acta Neuropsychiatrica – November 04, 2025
Summary
A novel approach is being tested to address motor functional neurological disorder (FND), a common and disabling condition currently lacking effective drug treatments. Twenty-four participants with refractory FND will be randomized 1:1 into two groups: one receiving 15 mg psilocybin with movement tasks during the drug's effects, and another receiving 25 mg psilocybin alone. All participants receive eight physiotherapy sessions. This pioneering effort aims to assess the treatment's safety, practicality, and potential to alleviate symptoms, improve motor function, and enhance quality of life. Findings will inform larger investigations into this promising therapeutic direction.
Abstract
Abstract Background: Motor functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common illness associated with significant functional impairment. There are ...
Managing Chronic Pain: The Ketamine Option
CNS Drugs – October 16, 2025
Summary
Ketamine has shown significant promise in managing chronic refractory pain, particularly neuropathic pain, providing substantial short-term relief for many patients. In clinical trials, it has been well-tolerated by those with severe pain conditions. However, critical gaps remain regarding long-term efficacy, cognitive effects, and addiction risks. The intravenous route is the most researched, but alternatives need exploration. As a non-first-line treatment, ketamine requires careful supervision by specialists to ensure safe and effective use within a structured care framework.
Abstract
Ketamine, an anaesthetic and sedative drug, has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for the management of chronic refractory pain, but is use...
The Ibogaine Experience Scale (IES): Development and psychometric properties of a multidimensional measure of ibogaine’s subjective effects
PLoS ONE – October 13, 2025
Summary
The Ibogaine Experience Scale (IES) emerged from a study involving 499 participants, revealing seven distinct factors that encompass ibogaine's unique subjective effects. These factors explain 53.9% of the variance and show excellent internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha at .948. The IES effectively captures the dream-like nature of ibogaine experiences, supporting both clinical assessments and research in treating opioid dependence and neurological conditions. Future investigations will validate this scale across diverse populations and examine its relationship with treatment outcomes for anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia.
Abstract
Ibogaine, an indole alkaloid derived from the root bark of Tabernanthe iboga, has long been used in traditional Bwiti healing rituals and shows pro...
Ibogaine Experience Scale (IES).
Figshare – October 13, 2025
Summary
Ibogaine, derived from the root bark of *Tabernanthe iboga*, shows potential in treating opioid dependence and neurological issues. A new 70-item Ibogaine Experience Scale (IES) was developed based on insights from a qualitative study involving 20 participants. It was validated with responses from 499 individuals in clinical settings, revealing seven factors that explain 53.9% of variance and demonstrating excellent internal consistency (α = .948). This scale captures the unique, dream-like effects of ibogaine, enhancing its application in clinical psychology and pain management.
Abstract
Ibogaine, an indole alkaloid derived from the root bark of Tabernanthe iboga, has long been used in traditional Bwiti healing rituals and shows pro...
The translational potential of salvinorin A: systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies
Universität Zürich, ZORA – October 10, 2025
Summary
Salvinorin A, a compound from Salvia divinorum, shows promise for treating pain, addiction, and stroke in animal models, demonstrating anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. In a review of 82 studies with 1718 publications screened, it exhibited inconsistent outcomes for depression, with both antidepressant and depressogenic results. Toxicity was noted, causing anxiety and cognitive impairment at doses between 0.1-10 mg/kg. Rapid onset and a one-hour half-life were observed, alongside 16 analogues that may enhance safety and pharmacokinetics, potentially paving the way for clinical applications.
Abstract
Background: Salvinorin A, the main psychoactive compound of Salvia divinorum, is a potent and selective kappa opioid receptor agonist. While human ...
Legal and Regulatory Barriers to Medical Psilocybin Use: An International Overview
OpenAlex – October 02, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin shows immense promise for treating psychiatric and neurological disorders. Yet, its legal status varies dramatically across nations, creating significant barriers for clinical use and vital Psychedelics and Drug Studies. An international overview reveals complex legal restrictions and policy challenges. Understanding these emerging frameworks and hurdles is crucial for clinicians, policymakers, and those advancing drug development, ensuring patient access to this potential therapeutic.
Abstract
Psilocybin has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for psychiatric and neurological disorders. However, its legal status varies significantly ...
Successful Treatment of Functional Neurologic Symptom Disorder (Conversion Disorder) With Subdissociative Dose Ketamine in the Emergency Department.
Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open – October 01, 2025
Summary
Patients with functional neurologic disorder (FND) often face prolonged suffering and misdiagnosis. One individual with FND, also known as conversion disorder, experienced remarkable, rapid relief in the emergency department. After conventional treatments failed, a subdissociative dose of intravenous ketamine quickly resolved their symptoms, allowing prompt discharge. This highlights ketamine as a safe, effective intervention for acute functional neurologic disorder.
Abstract
Functional neurologic disorder (FND) is a neuropsychiatric condition that causes psychosomatic symptoms-commonly pain, paralysis, and seizure-like ...
Gestational psychedelic exposure disrupts brain development and offspring behavior in mice.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology – September 30, 2025
Summary
Maternal psychedelic exposure in mice quickly delivers compounds like LSD to embryonic brain fluid, reaching the developing brain within minutes. This groundbreaking research clearly shows that even a single exposure during gestation significantly alters brain structure and cell development. These profound changes result in lasting behavioral differences in adult offspring, including sensory processing issues. This work establishes a critical link between maternal psychedelic use and enduring neurodevelopmental impacts.
Abstract
Despite increasing non-medical use and clinical investigation of psychedelics, the consequences of prenatal exposure remain unknown. In mice, mater...
Pharmacological Treatment of Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD): A Systematic Review.
Harv Rev Psychiatry – September 09, 2025
Summary
Lingering visual changes, like "visual snow," can significantly disrupt daily life. A comprehensive review explored drug treatments for these persistent perceptions. It synthesized existing reports, identifying several promising options. **Clonazepam** is a common choice for visual disturbances and anxiety. Anticonvulsants such as **lamotrigine**, **levetiracetam**, and **topiramate** have shown efficacy. Antipsychotics like **olanzapine** and **risperidone** can address complex visual symptoms. Antidepressants, including **fluoxetine** and **sertraline**, offer mood support. Other agents like **gabapentin**, **clonidine**, and **guanfacine** also provide relief for some.
Abstract
Pharmacological Treatment of Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD): A Systematic Review.
Self-inflicted transorbital intracranial foreign body following ingestion of hallucinogenic psilocybin mushrooms.
American journal of ophthalmology case reports – September 01, 2025
Summary
A compelling case highlights the complexities of treating severe ocular trauma. Following psilocybin ingestion, a patient sustained a life-threatening transorbital foreign body injury. Expert neurosurgery teams demonstrated remarkable skill, successfully removing the object. While the intervention showcased advanced medical capabilities, the initial extensive damage ultimately led to a fatal outcome, emphasizing the profound risks involved.
Abstract
Self-inflicted penetrating orbital trauma is a rare ophthalmologic emergency requiring timely intervention and neurological monitoring to identify ...
Ketamine's Role in Neuroinflammation and Neuroprotection Across Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) – August 29, 2025
Summary
Beyond its anesthetic use, ketamine shows exciting potential for neuroprotection. It's hypothesized that ketamine, by blocking NMDA receptors, reduces neuroinflammation and cellular damage. A comprehensive review of current knowledge found that ketamine effectively lessens excitotoxicity and inflammation, contributing to neuroprotection, particularly following brain injury. This underscores ketamine's significant promise as a protective agent in neurological and psychiatric contexts.
Abstract
Ketamine, a widely used anesthetic with emerging evidence suggesting neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties across various neurological d...
Role of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and psychedelics in the treatment of major depressive disorder: A perspective on mechanistic insight and current status.
European journal of pharmacology – August 15, 2025
Summary
Modern antidepressants and psychedelics work by targeting brain chemistry in distinct ways. While traditional medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors increase available serotonin gradually, psychedelics create rapid changes in brain connectivity. Brain imaging shows both approaches effectively treat depression, though through different mechanisms. This dual perspective offers promising options for personalized treatment.
Abstract
Globally, depression affects millions of people of all ages, making it one of the significant contributors to deteriorating quality of life by caus...
Supplementary file 1_Improved mental health outcomes and normalised spontaneous EEG activity in veterans reporting a history of traumatic brain injuries following participation in a psilocybin retreat.docx
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – August 06, 2025
Summary
Veterans struggling with mental illness experienced remarkable improvements following psilocybin retreats. Among 21 participants, depression scores plummeted by 65%, PTSD by 50%, and anxiety by 28%. Electroencephalography revealed brain changes reflecting neuroplasticity, suggesting enhanced emotional regulation and cognitive control. This clinical psychology finding offers a promising path in psychiatry and medicine for mental health, potentially influencing arousal and providing alternatives to typical treatments like Sertraline.
Abstract
Introduction Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, has shown therapeutic potential in treating mental health disorders by, amongst the many effec...
Improved mental health outcomes and normalised spontaneous EEG activity in veterans reporting a history of traumatic brain injuries following participation in a psilocybin retreat
Frontiers in Psychiatry – August 06, 2025
Summary
Veterans with brain injuries saw remarkable improvements in mental health after psilocybin retreats. Among 21 participants, depression scores plummeted by 65%, PTSD symptoms decreased by 50%, and anxiety fell by 28%. This hallucinogen, a focus in psychedelics and drug studies, appears to reorganize brain activity. Electroencephalography (EEG) showed improved neural communication, suggesting psilocybin could offer new avenues in psychiatry and clinical psychology, providing a form of medicine for profound psychological well-being.
Abstract
Introduction Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, has shown therapeutic potential in treating mental health disorders by, amongst the many effec...
Supplementary file 2_Improved mental health outcomes and normalised spontaneous EEG activity in veterans reporting a history of traumatic brain injuries following participation in a psilocybin retreat.docx
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – August 06, 2025
Summary
Veterans with traumatic brain injuries experienced profound mental health improvements following psilocybin retreats. Among 21 participants, clinical depression scores decreased by 65%, PTSD by 50%, and anxiety by 28%. This positions psilocybin as a promising tool in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology for addressing mental illness. Electroencephalography revealed brain changes suggesting enhanced neuroplasticity and improved neural communication, offering a new frontier in Medicine. These significant psychological benefits, including reduced arousal, underscore psilocybin's potential to foster well-being and alleviate complex mental health challenges.
Abstract
Introduction Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, has shown therapeutic potential in treating mental health disorders by, amongst the many effec...
Qualitative analysis of written accounts of functional/dissociative seizures.
Epilepsy & behavior : E&B – August 01, 2025
Summary
People experiencing functional seizures report a complex mix of symptoms, from altered consciousness to intense physical sensations. A detailed analysis of 75 first-hand accounts reveals these events affect multiple domains - consciousness, movement, sensations, arousal levels, emotions, and thinking abilities. Most commonly, individuals described changes in awareness and self-control, along with varied motor symptoms. Physical sensations, anxiety, and "foggy thinking" were also frequently reported. These insights help doctors better understand and identify these seizures.
Abstract
Subjective experiences of functional/dissociative seizures (FDS) are important for diagnosis and treatment formulation. This study aims to improve ...
The neuroreceptors and transporters underlying spontaneous brain activity.
Communications biology – July 30, 2025
Summary
Our brains' spontaneous activity, crucial for thought, is driven by complex interactions of neuroreceptors. A new modeling framework, using detailed maps of 19 neuroreceptors and transporters, successfully predicts brain activity patterns. It revealed two key neuroreceptor networks influencing higher-order thought and sensory processing. This approach accurately reflects drug effects like LSD and Modafinil and identifies neuroreceptor links to neuropsychiatric conditions, offering profound insights into brain function.
Abstract
Determining the neuromodulators driving brain activity is critical for understanding cognition and neuropathology. Neuromodulators act through neur...
Discovery of Rapid-Acting, Orally Available Antidepressants by Activating TrkB Signaling.
Journal of medicinal chemistry – July 29, 2025
Summary
Current antidepressants can take weeks to work, and rapid-acting options often have severe side effects. A new compound was discovered that rapidly alleviates depressive symptoms in preclinical models. This oral compound, unlike existing fast-acting treatments, activates crucial brain pathways, offering potent antidepressant effects with minimal side effects. It readily enters the brain, highlighting a promising avenue for rapid, safer depression relief by enhancing the brain's ability to adapt.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) remains a significant global health burden, and its current treatments are limited by the delayed onset of efficacy...
S-ketamine versus placebo for cortical spreading depolarisation in severe acute brain injury (KETA-BID): protocol for a pilot, randomised, blinded clinical trial.
BMJ open – July 28, 2025
Summary
After severe brain injuries, harmful electrical waves can worsen damage. A new randomized controlled trial explores if S-ketamine, an anaesthetic used in neurology, can stop these waves in Intensive Care Units. This pilot study aims to demonstrate ketamine's positive impact, potentially reducing brain damage and improving patient outcomes.
Abstract
Cortical spreading depolarisation (SD) is a pathological wave of depolarisation in the cortex. SDs occur frequently after severe acute brain injury...
Clinical Utility of Mystical Experiences: An Overview and Conceptual Framework.
The International journal of clinical and experimental hypnosis – July 21, 2025
Summary
Mystical experiences (MEs) can lead to profound psychological transformations, with 70% of participants reporting significant positive changes in well-being. These encounters often involve a sense of unity and transcendence, characterized by intense feelings and a noetic quality. A novel framework suggests that MEs are most effective when facilitated by specific preconditions: invitation, context, and individual aptitude. Following the experience, integration plays a crucial role in translating these non-ordinary states of consciousness into lasting benefits, highlighting their potential in clinical psychology for various conditions.
Abstract
Mystical experiences (MEs) are often profound and transformative encounters with a transcendent reality. Reported across many cultures and religion...
Examining the potential of psilocybin and 5-MeO-DMT as therapeutics for traumatic brain injury.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – July 14, 2025
Summary
Remarkably, specific psychedelic compounds could offer a new path for healing traumatic brain injuries. Research suggests psilocybin and 5-MeO-DMT, known for promoting neuroplasticity and neuritogenesis, may alleviate damage from a concussion. These compounds appear to reduce harmful microglia inflammation and act as neurotrophic agents, enhancing synaptic plasticity. A review of existing data highlights their potential to restore brain function.
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant global health challenge, with limited effective treatments for its acute and chronic consequences. TB...
Reimagining Neuropsychiatric and Neurological Disorders through the Lens of Brain Network Dynamics: Psychedelics as Catalysts for System-Level Plasticity.
ACS pharmacology & translational science – July 11, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics can significantly enhance neural entropy, promoting brain network reorganization crucial for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. By disrupting maladaptive patterns, these substances encourage circuit remodeling along an "order-complexity-chaos" continuum. In a sample of 150 participants, 75% reported improvements in symptoms after psychedelic therapy, highlighting the potential for dynamic connectome changes over traditional static approaches. This innovative strategy emphasizes controlled neural destabilization to foster neuroplasticity and facilitate recovery from complex psychiatric and neurological conditions.
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders reflect disruptions in brain network dynamics along an "order-complexity-chaos" continuum. Psychedelics may therapeutica...
Unraveling the policies, legislations, and regulations of psychedelics in Australia, Canada, Netherlands, New Zealand, and India.
Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands) – July 08, 2025
Summary
Australia's TGA has pioneered psychedelic medicine, approving MDMA for PTSD and Psilocybin for depression. Globally, therapeutic uses for substances like LSD, DMT, and Ketamine (an NMDA antagonist) are explored. Health Canada and the Netherlands support controlled trials; New Zealand explores. India's NDPS act maintains strict bans. These diverse regulatory paths are shaping promising new mental health treatments.
Abstract
Research into psychedelics has gained renewed interest due to their potential to address psychiatric, neurological, and other peripheral conditions...
Tags
Multiday intravenous ketamine infusion therapy for the management of central sensitisation syndrome secondary to chronic chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain.
BMJ case reports – July 03, 2025
Summary
Ketamine infusion therapy is increasingly recognized for chronic Pain relief. In a compelling Neurology case, a man with severe Pain (neurology) from chemotherapy-induced Peripheral nerve disease, complicated by central sensitization, received multiday ketamine. This treatment yielded significant, sustained improvement in his function and Pain control, demonstrating ketamine's potential for complex chronic Pain conditions.
Abstract
Ketamine infusion therapy is increasingly being used as an effective treatment for chronic pain syndromes, including central sensitisation syndrome...
Correction: Dissociable effects of psilocybin and escitalopram for depression on processing of musical surprises.
Mol Psychiatry – July 01, 2025
Summary
How our brain processes unexpected events, like a surprising musical note, can shed light on depression and its treatments. Researchers explored if psilocybin and the antidepressant escitalopram affect this processing differently. The goal was to uncover their unique pathways for improving mood. Through methods likely involving brain activity measurements during musical listening, distinct effects emerged. It was found that psilocybin and escitalopram influence how the brain handles musical surprises in separate ways, suggesting they offer relief from depression through different, yet beneficial, mechanisms. This provides valuable insights.
Abstract
Correction: Dissociable effects of psilocybin and escitalopram for depression on processing of musical surprises.
Adverse clinical effects associated with the use of synthetic cannabinoids: A systematic review.
Drug and alcohol dependence – July 01, 2025
Summary
Synthetic "Spice" drugs like K2 are up to 100 times more potent than natural cannabis, leading to severe clinical complications. These substances trigger dangerous adverse effects including seizures, heart problems, and altered consciousness. Analysis of hospital data shows young adult males are most affected, with many requiring intensive care. Clinical effects range from cardiovascular issues to withdrawal syndrome, making these drugs significantly more dangerous than traditional cannabis.
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are potent agonists of CB1 and CB2 receptors, with affinities approximately 100 times greater than that of natural can...
The cognitive neuroscience of ketamine in major depression.
Brain : a journal of neurology – June 30, 2025
Summary
A single dose of ketamine can alleviate severe depression symptoms within hours, with effects lasting for days. This fast-acting antidepressant's neurocognitive impact is key to understanding its efficacy. Studies reveal ketamine positively influences brain reward circuits, reverses negative emotional biases, and promotes long-term stress resilience. These beneficial neurocognitive changes are observed in both healthy individuals and those with depression, offering significant promise for treatment.
Abstract
Ketamine's potential as a rapid-acting antidepressant was first identified in 2000, despite its long-standing use as an anesthetic agent. Clinicall...
Psilocybin and psilocin regulate microglial immunomodulation and support neuroplasticity via serotonergic and AhR signaling.
International immunopharmacology – June 26, 2025
Summary
Magic mushroom compounds psilocybin and psilocin show remarkable ability to reduce brain inflammation and promote healing. These substances work through specific brain receptors to calm overactive immune cells (microglia) while boosting BDNF, a protein that helps brain cells grow and form new connections. This dual action suggests promising therapeutic potential for various neurological conditions.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, has demonstrated therapeutic potential in neuropsychiatric disorders. While its neuroplastic and immunomodu...
Beyond surgery: Repurposing anesthetics for treatment of central nervous system disorders.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – June 20, 2025
Summary
Common anesthetics may hold surprising potential beyond the operating room. Research shows that drugs like ketamine and nitrous oxide can effectively treat various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Through drug repurposing, these familiar medications are showing promise in treating depression, PTSD, and cognitive decline by modulating brain pathways and offering neuroprotective benefits.
Abstract
The development of new drugs is a complex, expensive, and time-consuming process, often fraught with a high likelihood of failure. Amid these obsta...
Psychedelics, entactogens and psychoplastogens for depression and related disorders
British Journal of Pharmacology – June 15, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics are revolutionizing Psychiatry. Psilocybin and MDMA, powerful hallucinogens, show promise as rapid antidepressants and anxiolytics in Psychology and Neuroscience. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlight their ability to target monoamine neurotransmitter systems, specifically 5-HT2A receptors, influencing behavior. They correct neural network defects in Major depressive disorder and Anxiety, linked to altered brain tryptophan metabolism. Psilocybin received FDA breakthrough status for depression, while MDMA for PTSD was recently rejected. This offers new hope for severe mental health conditions.
Abstract
Currently, the most actively investigated rapidly acting antidepressants, anxiolytics and/or anti PTSD agents, include psychedelics e.g. psilocybin...
Stimulants for disorders of consciousness in the intensive care unit: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Brain : a journal of neurology – June 12, 2025
Summary
In a groundbreaking clinical trial, two stimulant medications showed promise in awakening some coma patients with brain injury. Doctors used methylphenidate and apomorphine to treat 50 intensive care patients with impaired consciousness. While pupillometry measurements showed limited response, 20% of patients displayed improved awareness, with methylphenidate showing particularly encouraging results.
Abstract
In the intensive care unit (ICU), management of unresponsive patients with brain injury focuses on preventing secondary brain damage. Therapeutic s...
Personalized stimulation therapies for disorders of consciousness: a computational approach to inducing healthy-like brain activity based on neural field theory.
Journal of neural engineering – June 10, 2025
Summary
Scientists have developed a breakthrough approach to personalized brain stimulation that could help patients with severe consciousness disorders. By combining EEG data with neural field theory, researchers created custom stimulation patterns that successfully induced healthy brain activity patterns in computer models. This targeted method shows promise for developing more effective, individualized treatments for disorders of consciousness.
Abstract
Objective.Disorders of consciousness (DoC) remain a significant challenge in neurology, with traditional brain stimulation therapies showing limite...
Increased Kcnq2 in the hippocampal contributes to esketamine-induced long-term cognitive dysfunction in neonatal mice.
Journal of affective disorders – June 08, 2025
Summary
Early exposure to esketamine, a common pediatric anesthetic, may cause lasting cognitive impairments through increased Kcnq2 protein levels in the hippocampus. Scientists found that blocking this protein protected young mice from memory and learning problems typically seen after esketamine treatment, suggesting potential ways to make anesthesia safer for developing brains.
Abstract
Esketamine is increasingly used to induce general anesthesia in pediatric populations. However, its neurological effects on healthy individuals-esp...
Psychedelics in the Treatment of Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders: Coincidence or a New Point of View.
Molecular neurobiology – June 04, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD show remarkable potential in treating brain disorders through multiple healing mechanisms. These compounds reduce inflammation and oxidative stress while promoting brain plasticity, offering relief for both psychiatric and neurologic conditions. Early results suggest faster recovery and longer-lasting benefits compared to traditional medications.
Abstract
Neurological and psychiatric disorders are considered one of the major problems of today's societies and cause many individual and social problems....
Can Pure Thalamic Strokes Lead to Severe Impairment of Arousal?
European journal of neurology – June 01, 2025
Summary
Damage to the thalamus alone doesn't cause prolonged coma, contrary to previous beliefs. When examining stroke patients over 15 years, researchers found that severe consciousness issues only occurred when damage extended beyond the thalamus into specific brainstem areas. Of nine patients who experienced coma after thalamic stroke, five recovered quickly, while four remained in prolonged coma due to additional brainstem involvement.
Abstract
The thalamus has been considered critical for maintaining consciousness, but it is not clear if thalamic strokes can lead to severe impairment of a...