18 results for "parvalbumin"
Psilocybin decreases preference for large rewards accompanied by increased activity of parvalbumin neurons with perineuronal nets in the medial prefrontal cortex.
Figshare – March 11, 2026
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin significantly alters decision-making related to substance use disorders. In a study with male Long Evans rats, psilocybin reduced choices for large rewards by 30% and increased the time taken to make these choices 48 hours post-administration. This effect was linked to enhanced activity in parvalbumin interneurons within the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, marked by a 40% increase in triple-labelled neurons. These findings suggest that psilocybin may help decrease impulsivity by modulating key neural circuits involved in reward processing.
Abstract
Clinical trials suggest that a single dose of psilocybin may be an effective treatment for substance use disorders. Choice impulsivity is a value-b...
Ventral pallidal perineuronal nets regulate opioid relapse.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology – January 22, 2026
Summary
Heroin exposure boosts specialized brain structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs) in the ventral pallidum, a brain region critical for reward. In male and female mice, breaking down these PNNs stopped cue-induced heroin seeking. This also quieted specific neurons (VP PV neurons) in the area and strengthened inhibitory signals. Artificially activating these neurons reversed the effect, restoring drug-seeking. These results identify PNNs and VP PV neurons as key drivers of opioid seeking, suggesting that targeting PNNs offers a promising new path to treat opioid craving and relapse.
Abstract
Opioid use disorder remains a major health challenge worldwide. Neuronal activity in the ventral pallidum (VP) regulates opioid reward and relapse ...
Single-dose psilocybin promotes cell-type-specific changes of neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex
Neurotherapeutics – January 01, 2026
Summary
A single dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin, a key compound in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, profoundly alters brain biology. Neuroscience reveals its chemistry induces long-term changes in the orbitofrontal cortex. Specifically, layer 5 pyramidal cells showed reduced glutamate receptor expression and decreased excitatory postsynaptic potential at the synapse, impacting neurotransmission. This contrasts with minimal changes in inhibitory postsynaptic potential. This work illuminates the neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, offering insights for Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis.
Abstract
Recent clinical breakthroughs hold great promise for the application of psilocybin in the treatments of psychological disorders, such as depression...
Psilocybin decreases reward-seeking behavior accompanied by increased activity of parvalbumin neurons with perineuronal nets in the medial prefrontal cortex
OpenAlex – December 26, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly decreases reward-seeking behavior, a compelling neuroscience finding. Male Long Evans rats, assessed using a psychology-based delay discounting task, chose fewer large rewards 48 hours after a single psilocybin dose. This effect was linked to an increased density of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons with extracellular perineuronal nets (PNNs) in the prefrontal cortex. While initially hypothesized to impact impulsivity, the observed behavioral changes were not consistent with altered impulsive choices. Psilocybin appears to influence behavior by enhancing specific inhibitory circuits.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Clinical trials suggest that a single dose of psilocybin is an effective treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). Choice impulsivity ...
Ibogaine induces juvenile-like plasticity and modulates functional and structural regulators of plasticity in the adult mouse visual cortex
OpenAlex – December 18, 2025
Summary
Ibogaine has the potential to rejuvenate neuroplasticity in the adult visual cortex, akin to juvenile levels. In a study with adult mice (n=40), ibogaine treatment (40 mg/kg) combined with four days of monocular deprivation significantly reduced visual acuity and dendritic spine density in the deprived eye. Notably, ibogaine diminished perineuronal nets and parvalbumin-positive interneurons, which typically inhibit plasticity. These findings suggest that ibogaine may facilitate therapeutic effects by re-establishing adaptability in the visual system, challenging traditional views on adult neural rigidity.
Abstract
Abstract Background: Psychedelics have emerged as powerful modulators of neural plasticity, yet whether the atypical psychedelic ibogaine can enhan...
Sigma-1 Receptor Activation by Fluvoxamine Ameliorates ER Stress, Synaptic Dysfunction and Behavioral Deficits in a Ketamine Model of Schizophrenia.
Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology – July 25, 2025
Summary
Cellular stress, where misfolded proteins accumulate, is a key factor in psychiatric disorders. Activating the Sigma-1 receptor with fluvoxamine can significantly improve brain function in models of Schizophrenia. It alleviates ER Stress by helping cellular chaperones, enhancing NMDAR signaling. This action helps restore cognitive abilities and social interaction, suggesting the Sigma-1 receptor is a promising target for treatment.
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and misfolded proteins accumulation are recognized as central factors in the development of psychiatric disorders...
Computational modeling of ketamine-induced changes in gamma-band oscillations: The contribution of parvalbumin and somatostatin interneurons.
PLoS computational biology – June 09, 2025
Summary
Ketamine's effects on brain activity patterns reveal fascinating insights into how this drug influences neural circuits. Scientists used advanced brain imaging and computer modeling to show that ketamine increases high-frequency brain waves and alters neural firing patterns, particularly in prefrontal brain regions. The changes appear linked to specific brain cells called parvalbumin and somatostatin interneurons, which help regulate brain activity. These findings explain how ketamine affects neural communication and could inform its use in treating psychiatric conditions.
Abstract
Ketamine, an NMDA receptor (NMDA-R) antagonist, produces psychotomimetic effects when administered in sub-anesthetic dosages. While previous resear...
Neural Electrical Correlates of Subjective Happiness.
Human brain mapping – June 01, 2025
Summary
Scientists have discovered that our brain's happiness levels can be measured through specific electrical patterns. Using advanced brain imaging, researchers found that people who report higher levels of happiness on the Subjective Happiness Scale show distinct gamma-band oscillations in the precuneus, a brain region linked to self-awareness. The findings suggest that happier individuals have more stable neural activity, measured through MEG scans.
Abstract
Happiness is a subjective experience that can serve as the ultimate goal for humans. A recent study that employed resting-state functional magnetic...
Ketamine administration during adolescence impairs synaptic integration and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the adult dentate gyrus.
Progress in neurobiology – March 01, 2025
Summary
Ketamine exposure during teenage years can have lasting effects on brain function well into adulthood. New findings reveal that adolescent ketamine use disrupts vital communication between brain cells in the dentate gyrus, a key memory center. The drug specifically weakens inhibitory signals and reduces special neurons called parvalbumin interneurons, affecting how information is processed and integrated in the adult brain.
Abstract
Ketamine administration during adolescence affects cognitive performance; however, its long-term impact on synaptic function and neuronal integrati...
Dissociation-related behaviors in mice emerge from the inhibition of retrosplenial cortex parvalbumin interneurons.
Cell reports – January 28, 2025
Summary
Scientists have pinpointed specific brain cells that control dissociation - a dreamlike mental state where reality feels disconnected. When these cells (called parvalbumin interneurons) in the brain's retrosplenial cortex are inhibited, mice show dissociative behaviors similar to those caused by ketamine. This discovery explains how ketamine triggers its unique effects and may lead to better treatments for dissociative disorders.
Abstract
Dissociation, characterized by altered consciousness and perception, underlies multiple mental disorders, but the specific neuronal subtypes involv...
Multi-level therapeutic actions of cannabidiol in ketamine-induced schizophrenia psychopathology in male rats.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – December 01, 2024
Summary
CBD shows promise in treating schizophrenia-like symptoms by restoring brain balance. Research reveals that cannabidiol effectively countered behavioral and neurological changes in rats treated with ketamine to mimic schizophrenia. The compound worked by normalizing brain activity in key regions, particularly the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, helping restore proper neurotransmitter function.
Abstract
Repeated administration of ketamine (KET) has been used to model schizophrenia-like symptomatology in rodents, but the psychotomimetic neurobiologi...
Ventral hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons gate the acute anxiolytic action of the serotonergic psychedelic DOI.
Neuron – November 20, 2024
Summary
The anxiolytic effects of the psychedelic 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) hinge on the activation of specific brain cells. In a study involving detailed anatomical and genetic analyses, it was revealed that 5-HT2A receptors in the ventral hippocampus' CA1/subiculum region are essential for this effect. DOI increased the firing rate of fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive interneurons, with restored function in these cells reinstating anxiety relief. Overall, 5-HT2A receptors in the ventral hippocampus play a critical role in alleviating anxiety-like behaviors.
Abstract
There has been a recent renewal of interest in the therapeutic potential of serotonergic psychedelics. Here, we uncover the essential role of ventr...
Rethinking the role of TRKB in the action of antidepressants and psychedelics.
Trends in neurosciences – November 01, 2024
Summary
Recent breakthroughs reveal how antidepressants and ketamine may rewire the brain through a shared mechanism. These medications appear to enhance BDNF signaling, triggering neuroplasticity particularly in parvalbumin interneurons. This process creates a window of heightened brain adaptability similar to what's seen in youth, potentially allowing the rewiring of neural circuits involved in depression.
Abstract
Antidepressant drugs promote neuronal plasticity, and activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling through its receptor neurona...
Adolescent administration of ketamine impairs excitatory synapse formation onto parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons in mouse prefrontal cortex.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications – September 17, 2024
Summary
Ketamine exposure during adolescence can permanently alter brain development, particularly affecting crucial connections in the prefrontal cortex. Research reveals that teenage ketamine use disrupts the formation of excitatory synapses onto specific inhibitory neurons, leading to lasting changes in brain circuitry. These alterations impact social behavior and memory formation, highlighting the unique vulnerability of the adolescent brain to this drug.
Abstract
Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, induces deficits in cognition and information processing following chronic abuse. Ado...
Ketamine induces multiple individually distinct whole-brain functional connectivity signatures.
eLife – April 17, 2024
Summary
Ketamine's effects on the brain are as unique as fingerprints, revealing distinct patterns in each person. Using fMRI technology, researchers tracked how this promising medicine impacts brain connectivity in 40 human volunteers. The data showed that ketamine creates multiple unique neural signatures, with brain changes matching specific gene expression patterns. This breakthrough in neuroscience helps explain why individual responses to ketamine treatment vary so widely.
Abstract
Ketamine has emerged as one of the most promising therapies for treatment-resistant depression. However, inter-individual variability in response t...
Subanesthetic ketamine reactivates adult cortical plasticity to restore vision from amblyopia
bioRxiv Preprint Server – March 16, 2020
Summary
Adult brains can regain youthful flexibility for vision recovery. A single dose of a specific compound was found to reactivate this brain plasticity. It works by reducing specific inhibitory signals in the visual cortex, linked to a protein called NRG1. This successfully improved visual acuity defects, such as amblyopia, offering a powerful new approach to restore sight.
Abstract
Subanesthetic ketamine evokes rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects in human patients. The mechanism for ketamine’s effects remains elusive...
MDMA Increases Glutamate Release and Reduces Parvalbumin-Positive GABAergic Cells in the Dorsal Hippocampus of the Rat: Role of Cyclooxygenase
Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology – November 17, 2012
Summary
MDMA significantly increases glutamate release in the hippocampus, contributing to neurotoxicity. In a study with rats receiving 10 mg/kg MDMA every two hours, treatment with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors ketoprofen and nimesulide reduced this glutamate surge, while COX-1 inhibitor piroxicam had no effect. Remarkably, repeated MDMA exposure reduced parvalbumin-positive GABA interneurons by 30%, an effect reversed by ketoprofen. Despite this, COX inhibition did not prevent long-term serotonin depletion in the hippocampus, highlighting complex inflammatory pathways involved in MDMA's impact on brain chemistry.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; Ecstasy) is a popular drug of abuse with well-documented acute effects on serotonergic, dopaminergic, and ...
Htr2a gene and 5-HT2A receptor expression in the cerebral cortex studied using genetically modified mice
Frontiers in Neuroscience – January 01, 2010
Summary
Serotonin's influence on brain function is more precise than previously understood, clarifying Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research. Biology reveals that 5-HT(2A) receptors, critical for Neural dynamics and brain function, are primarily found on three cell types in the Cerebral cortex. The largest group consists of Pyramidal cells in Layer V. Importantly, most GABAergic interneurons, specifically parvalbumin-expressing cells in the Neocortex, also contain this Receptor. These Cell biology insights show serotonin excites these parvalbumin GABAergic cells, demonstrating a clear Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior.
Abstract
Serotonin receptors of the 5-HT(2A) subtype are robustly expressed in the cerebral cortex where they have been implicated in the pathophysiology an...