The subjective, behavioral and cognitive effects of subanesthetic concentrations of isoflurane and nitrous oxide in healthy volunteers.
Psychopharmacology April 1, 1994 J P Zacny, G Sparacino, P Hoffmann et al.
In nine healthy volunteers, isoflurane and nitrous oxide produced similar subjective effects like feeling drunk and spaced out, but isoflurane uniquely increased confusion, sedation, and carefreeness while reducing perceived control over thoughts and body; it also had an unpleasant odor. Psychomotor performance was more impaired by isoflurane than by nitrous oxide, but recovery from both was rapid and complete within five minutes. Both drugs impaired immediate and delayed free recall. The findings suggest isoflurane may be less suitable than nitrous oxide for conscious sedation due to its greater psychomotor effects and unpleasant odor.