Trauma-related altered states of consciousness in women with BPD with or without co-occurring PTSD
European Journal of Psychotraumatology August 18, 2014 P. Frewen, N. Kleindienst, R. Lanius et al.
People with borderline personality disorder (BPD) who also have posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) report dissociative trauma-related altered states of consciousness (TRASC) less often than normal waking consciousness (NWC) symptoms. TRASC are more strongly linked to dissociative experiences and childhood emotional neglect than NWC symptoms are, especially in those with both BPD and PTSD. The prediction that TRASC symptoms would be less intercorrelated than NWC symptoms was not supported. The 4-D model categorizes trauma symptoms across time, thought, body, and emotion, each possibly experienced as normal or dissociative.