Toxicological Assessment of Ketamine in Juvenile Zebrafish (Danio rerio).
Toxics January 24, 2025 Yin Tang, Kang Yang, Jintao Xu et al. 5 citations
Ketamine exposure significantly reduces locomotor activity in juvenile zebrafish, with stronger effects at higher concentrations. Using a high-throughput behavior tracking system, researchers analyzed the movement of 6-day post-fertilization zebrafish exposed to various ketamine concentrations. The study also detected normethketamine, ketamine's primary metabolite, via UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap HRMS, confirming that zebrafish can metabolize the drug. This integration of behavioral and metabolic profiling demonstrates zebrafish as a useful model for understanding ketamine's neurotoxic and metabolic effects, which may inform research in other vertebrates.