Mitochondrial Metabolism in Major Depressive Disorder: From Early Diagnosis to Emerging Treatment Options.
Journal of clinical medicine March 17, 2024 Ane Larrea, Laura Sánchez-Sánchez, Eguzkiñe Diez-Martin et al. 21 citations
Mitochondrial dysfunction is central to the onset and progression of major depressive disorder (MDD), causing imbalances in energy production and oxidative stress. Identifying mitochondrial biomarkers could enable more objective and precise diagnosis than symptom-based methods. Traditional antidepressants have limits, but emerging pharmacological treatments such as ketamine/esketamine, psychedelics, and anti-inflammatories show potential for rapid antidepressant effects by modulating neuroplasticity and motor processing. Non-pharmacological approaches like transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation also offer alternatives by modulating neuronal activity. A SWOT analysis highlights key challenges for these approaches.