Bipolar disorder.
Lancet (London, England) July 22, 2025 Balwinder Singh, Holly A Swartz, Alfredo B Cuellar-Barboza et al. 66 citations
Bipolar disorder, marked by hypomania or mania and predominantly depression, affects about 40 million people worldwide and carries substantial psychosocial, medical, and financial burdens, along with increased suicide risk. Diagnosis is often delayed due to symptom overlap with ADHD, major depression, psychotic disorders, and personality disorders. Recent research points to multigene risk and possible infectious and mitochondrial causes. Treatment combines pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes, tailored to individual goals. Future priorities include expanding self-management psychosocial interventions, addressing treatment-resistant depression, deepening understanding of pathophysiology, and exploring novel options like ketamine, esketamine, and neuromodulation.