Green Analytical Toxicology procedure for determination of ketamine, its metabolites and analogues in oral fluid samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME).
Journal of analytical toxicology June 11, 2024 Juliana Ribeiro Ibiapina Leitão Oliveira, Leonardo Costalonga Rodrigues, Júlia Martinelli Magalhães Kahl et al. 13 citations
A new analytical method using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed to detect ketamine, its metabolites norketamine and 6-hydroxy-norketamine, and its analogues deschloroketamine and 2-fluorodeschloroketamine in oral fluid. The method showed linearity from 10 to 1,000 ng/mL, with detection and quantification limits at 10 ng/mL. Imprecision and bias were below 8.2% and 9.5%, respectively, and matrix effects did not exceed 10.6%. Recovery ranged from 24% to 42%. The method was applied to 29 authentic oral fluid samples and evaluated as environmentally friendly by three green chemistry metrics.