Prospective associations between meth/amphetamine (speed) and MDMA (ecstasy) use and depressive symptoms in secondary school students
Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health April 19, 2012 Frédéric N. Brière, Jean‐sébastien Fallu, Michel Janosz et al. 8 citations
Adolescents who used meth/amphetamine (speed) or MDMA (ecstasy) in grade 10 were more likely to have elevated depressive symptoms in grade 11. After adjusting for other factors, MDMA use increased the odds by 1.7 times, and meth/amphetamine use by 1.6 times. The risk was highest among those who used both drugs concurrently, with odds 1.9 times greater. These associations did not differ by gender or prior depressive symptoms. The findings suggest that synthetic drug use independently predicts later depressive symptoms in adolescents, possibly due to neurotoxic effects, and that adolescence may be a period of heightened vulnerability.