Both pure psilocybin and a Psilocybe cubensis extract altered the gut microbiota of male Wistar Han rats over two weeks. Fecal samples analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that microbial community structure shifted away from baseline and control profiles at day 7 and diverged further by day 14. The effect was more pronounced in rats given pure psilocybin than in those given the whole mushroom extract, suggesting the extract's additional compounds may modulate the impact. The results indicate a time-dependent modulation of gut microbiota by both treatments, with differential magnitude between the pure compound and the whole extract.
Pure psilocybin and whole Psilocybe cubensis extract produce distinct behavioral and toxicological effects in male Wistar Han rats. Pure psilocybin decreased conditioned place preference scores at days 1 and 7, indicating aversive or non-reinforcing effects, and reduced exploratory activity. The extract did not significantly alter preference but transiently increased exploratory behavior at day 7. Peripherally, pure psilocybin increased relative liver weight, suggesting hepatic stress, while the extract reduced renal lipid peroxidation, indicating a protective or antioxidant effect likely from other compounds. These differences highlight the importance of matrix effects in psychedelic research.