New psychoactive substances (NPS) identified in Canada: Results of the online NPS survey (2020–2023)
Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addictions, and Health July 27, 2025 Sophie Rymill, Lexy Candler, Pavitra Ramachandran et al.
Between March 2020 and March 2023, Health Canada ran an online survey to identify new psychoactive substances (NPS) used in Canada and characterize use patterns. Two hundred sixty-two episodes of NPS use were reported, yielding 38 unique NPS. Hallucinogens made up 63.2% of reported substances, with tryptamines, lysergamides, and phenethylamines being the most common chemical classes. Polysubstance use occurred in half of episodes, most often with cannabis. Over half of episodes involved unwanted health effects. The prevalence of hallucinogens likely reflects the study's definition of NPS as substances not regulated under Canada's Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.