MDMA-assisted psychotherapy (MDMA-AP) may help treat not only PTSD but also complex PTSD and borderline personality disorder. A systematic review of 24 studies involving 335 participants found that most reported reduced PTSD symptoms after MDMA-AP, with some noting decreased dissociative symptoms at higher doses. Although no studies directly assessed MDMA-AP for complex PTSD or borderline personality disorder, improvements in emotional regulation, interpersonal functioning, identity coherence, and abandonment concerns were reported. Adverse drug reactions were mild to moderate, though specific safety concerns remain. These findings offer preliminary insights for future research and clinical considerations.
Hallucinations and delusions are common in borderline personality disorder (BPD) and often resemble those in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In a study of 89 adults, 81% of those with BPD reported visual and tactile hallucinations, 75% reported olfactory hallucinations, and 94% experienced delusions. Comparing BPD with and without voices showed no significant differences in nonpsychotic psychopathology. Hallucinations in BPD were similar to those in schizophrenia, though the BPD group had higher rates of paranoia and delusions of guilt. Multisensory hallucinations and delusions in BPD warrant clinical attention.