Major depression disorder - etiology and treatment
Journal of Education, Health and Sport June 7, 2023 Paulina Czuchryta, Rafał Babiak, Karolina Bajak et al.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) may soon become the most common disease after cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Its development involves genetic factors, inflammation, hormonal disorders, brain structure changes, and neurotransmission disruptions. The microbiome-gut-brain axis influences mood regulation; bacteria such as Escherichia, Shigella, and Enterococcus may negatively affect MDD development and treatment response, while probiotics like Lactobacillus helveticus R0052, Bifidobacterium longum, and Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 may help reduce symptoms. The FDA has approved intranasal esketamine for treatment-resistant depression and MDD with severe suicidal thoughts, offering rapid symptom reduction. Further research on microbiota's role is needed.