Ketamine, a drug that induces temporary psychosis-like symptoms, increased the sense of agency in healthy adults, mimicking the exaggerated action-effect binding seen in schizophrenia. In a small experiment, 14 participants given low-dose ketamine showed greater compression of time between their actions and outcomes compared to placebo. The size of this effect correlated with unusual bodily experiences caused by the drug. The findings suggest ketamine can reproduce certain agency disturbances characteristic of schizophrenia, and that these changes are linked to broader alterations in body awareness.
Religious traditions worldwide include specific actions, termed religious motor behaviours, that can be classified using concepts from movement neuroscience and neurology. These behaviours range from decreased motor output, such as ritualistic silence, to increased output like ritual dances. They also vary in the experience of volition: some involve a heightened sense of personal control, while others feel controlled by an external divine source. Examples include repetitive rituals, automatisms with altered volition, and possession-like states. The authors show parallels between these religious behaviours and motor phenomena in neurological disorders, particularly functional neurological symptoms, without pathologizing them. The work highlights how movement neuroscience and religious activity can inform each other.