Effects of ketamine on sleep and circadian rhythmicity in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: A systematic review.
Journal of affective disorders September 15, 2026 Rutger Boesjes, Claudia Oosterveld, Jeanine Kamphuis et al. 1 citation
Ketamine and its enantiomers show rapid antidepressant effects for major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, but responses vary widely. This systematic review of 26 studies (1694 participants) found that ketamine treatment is linked to improved subjective sleep quality. Preliminary evidence suggests that baseline sleep disturbances and early sleep improvements may predict antidepressant response. Some studies also indicate beneficial effects on objective sleep and circadian rhythmicity, but this finding is tentative due to few published articles. The authors call for more research on objective circadian measures and potential synergy with chronotherapies.