History and future of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS).

The Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) was founded in 1986 as a nonprofit psychedelic pharmaceutical company in response to the 1985 scheduling of MDMA. MAPS developed the first double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD and plans for FDA prescription approval in 2021. Its research expanded to include LSD-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety from life-threatening illness, observational studies of ibogaine for addiction, and MDMA for social anxiety in people with autism. MAPS' harm-reduction efforts aim to avoid backlash and build a post-prohibition world by helping non-medical users transform difficult psychedelic experiences into growth opportunities.

Study at a glance

Abstract

This article describes the teenage vision of the founder of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) that humanity's future would be aided by the therapeutic and spiritual potential of psychedelic substances. The article traces the trajectory of MAPS from inception in 1986 to its present, noting future goals with respect to research, outreach, and harm reduction. MAPS was created as a non-profit psychedelic pharmaceutical company in response to the 1985 scheduling of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Overcoming many hurdles, MAPS developed the first double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and plans for FDA prescription approval in 2021. MAPS' program of research expanded to include a trial of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety when facing life-threatening illness, observational studies of ibogaine in the treatment of addiction, and studies of MDMA for social anxiety in people with autism spectrum disorders. MAPS meets the challenges of drug development through a clinical research team led by a former Novartis drug development professional experienced in the conduct, monitoring, and analysis of clinical trials. MAPS' harm-reduction efforts are intended to avoid backlash and build a post-prohibition world by assisting non-medical users to transform difficult psychedelic experiences into opportunities for growth.