Simultaneous determination of 11 designated hallucinogenic phenethylamines by ultra-fast liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

A new method using ultra-fast liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (UFLC-FL) was developed to simultaneously identify and measure 11 phenethylamine-type drugs. The drugs were chemically labeled and separated on a specialized column, with detection limits ranging from 10 femtomoles to 2.5 picomoles. The method showed good accuracy and precision. When applied to real products from the Japanese market, it identified and quantified BDB (0.24 mg/mg), MMDA-2 (0.98 mg/mL), and 2C-I (0.016 mg/mg) in powder, liquid, and mushroom-like samples. The procedure is simple, selective, and sensitive, making it useful for analyzing these designated drugs in various samples, including biological specimens.

Study at a glance

Abstract

To avoid the spreading of illegal drugs, a designated drug regulation system was introduced along with revision of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law in Japan in 2006, and 32 substances including phenethylamine-type drugs were listed in April 2007. In this study, a new simultaneous determination method, based on ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection (UFLC-FL), was developed for the 11 designated phenethylamine drugs. The phenethylamines were labeled with 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-F) at 60 degrees C for 2h in 0.1M borax (pH 9.3). The resulting 11 fluorophores were completely separated by reversed-phase chromatography using an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C(18) column (2.1 mm x 100 mm 1.7 microm) and fluorometrically detected at 550 nm (excitation at 450 nm). The calibration curves obtained from the peak areas versus the injection amounts of the phenethylamines showed a good linearity. The limits of detection (signal-to-noise ratio of 3: S/N=3) on the chromatogram were in the range from 10 fmol (PMMA) to 2.5pmol (MMDA-2). Good accuracy (%) and precision (CV) by intra-day assay and inter-day assay were also obtained using the present procedure. The method was applied to the qualitative and quantitative analyses of phenethylamine in real products obtained from the Japanese market. As the results, BDB (0.24 mg/mg), MMDA-2 (0.98 mg/mL) and 2C-I (0.016 mg/mg) were identified from the different products (powder, liquid and mushroom like). Because the procedure is simple, selective and sensitive, the present method seems to be useful for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the designated phenethylamines in various samples including biological specimens.