Validation of the Swiss Psychedelic Side Effects Inventory: Standardized assessment of adverse effects in studies of psychedelics and MDMA.

A new standardized tool, the Swiss Psychedelic Side Effects Inventory (SPSI), was developed to systematically record clinically relevant side effects of psychedelics and MDMA, including their severity, duration, impact, and treatment-relatedness. The SPSI was constructed from previous research and pilot tested in 145 participants across three studies, with expert panel feedback improving its validity. The final version contains 32 side effects with standardized follow-up questions, compatible with any study design and administrable as interview or self-report. It omits less important side effects but includes space for additional symptoms. The SPSI is available in English and German to improve clinical decisions, informed consent, and patient safety.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Studies of psychedelic-assisted therapy with LSD, psilocybin, MDMA, and related substances show clinical promise but inadequately assess side effects. Measuring side effects is challenging because they are not always easily differentiated from treatment effects or disease symptoms and show high heterogeneity, variable duration and impact, and sensitivity to context. A systematic questionnaire describing important characteristics of side effects of psychedelics and MDMA would greatly improve on previous methods. We aimed to create a standardized tool for recording clinically relevant side effects of psychedelics and MDMA, including their severity, duration, impact, and treatment-relatedness. We constructed the Swiss Psychedelic Side Effects Inventory (SPSI) based on insights from previous research. It was pilot tested in 145 participants from three studies. Structured feedback from an expert panel was used to improve validity and feasibility. The final SPSI contains 32 side effects and standardized follow-up questions about their severity, impact, treatment-relatedness, and duration. It is compatible with any study design and can be administered as an interview or self-report at any timepoint after treatment with psychedelics or MDMA. The SPSI omits relatively unimportant side effects for brevity's sake, though space for additional symptoms is given. Future studies are needed to confirm its validity in different contexts. The SPSI is available in English and German for collecting systematic data on side effects from psychedelics and MDMA. This information is vital for improving clinical decisions, informed consent, and patient safety.