Is Use of Psychedelic Drugs a Risk or Protective Factor for Late-Life Cognitive Decline?

Psychedelic drug use among middle-aged and older adults is linked to better executive function and fewer depressive symptoms, but not to improved episodic memory. Analyzing data from 2,503 participants in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, the findings show that after accounting for sociodemographic and health factors, those who used psychedelics had more favorable changes in executive function and lower levels of depressive symptoms. The results suggest potential cognitive and mental health benefits of psychedelics in later life, though more longitudinal research is needed to confirm these associations.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Objectives: Common age-related health conditions can lead to poor mental health outcomes and deteriorate cognition. Additionally, commonly prescribed medications for various mental/physical health conditions may cause adverse reactions, especially among older adults. Psychedelic therapy has shown positive impacts on cognition and has been successful in treating various mental health problems without long-lasting adversities. The current study examines the association between psychedelic drug usage and cognitive functions in middle-aged and older adults. Methods: Data were from wave 3 (2013-2014) of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. We used multiple linear regression models examining associations between psychedelic usage and cognitive functions, controlling for covariates of sociodemographic and health factors. Results: We included 2,503 individuals (Mage = 64 ± 11). After controlling for covariates, the finding revealed that psychedelic usage was independently associated with more favorable changes in executive function (β = .102, SE = 0.047, p = .031) and less depressive symptoms (β = -.090, SE = 0.021, p < .001). The same effect was not found for episodic memory (β = .039, SE = 0.066, p = .553). Discussion: Addressing the mental health implications of physical health conditions in older adults are vital for preventing neurocognitive deterioration, prolonging independence, and improving the quality of life. More longitudinal research is essential utilizing psychedelics as an alternative therapy examining late-life cognitive benefits.