Сравнительный анализ туристских потоков из Приморского края в Китай

Three single-dose biological treatments show lasting antidepressant effects. Botulinum toxin injections to diminish frown lines reduced depression for 16 weeks. A single dose of ketamine decreased depression for up to a week. A single dose of psilocybin had beneficial effects for over a year in healthy people and up to 3 months in patients with anxiety disorders and advanced cancer. The article discusses the rationale, mechanisms, and future research needed to establish and optimize such single treatments with persistent effects.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Recent clinical trials suggest that 3 single biological treatments have effects that persist. Based on research showing that the muscles involved in facial expressions can feed back to influence mood, a single trial diminishing glabella frown lines with botulinum toxin demonstrated a significant antidepressant effect for 16 weeks. Based primarily on research with animal models of depression suggesting that glutamate may be involved in depression, the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist ketamine has been tested in several trials. A single dose decreased depression for up to a week. The reported effects of the use of mushrooms containing psilocybin by a number of cultures around the world has stimulated several trials showing beneficial effects of a single dose of psilocybin for over a year in healthy people, and for up to 3 months in patients with anxiety disorders who have advanced cancer. This article discusses these studies, their rationale, their possible mechanisms of action, the future clinical research required to establish these therapies and the basic research required to optimize single treatments that have lasting effects.