Optimization through a Box–Behnken Experimental Design of the Microwave-Assisted Extraction of the Psychoactive Compounds in Hallucinogenic Fungi (Psylocibe cubensis)

A microwave-assisted extraction method was optimized for extracting the alkaloids psilocin and psilocybin from Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms. Using a Box–Behnken design, the optimal conditions were 50 °C, 60% methanol as solvent, a 0.6 g sample to 10 mL solvent ratio, and 5 minutes of extraction time. These mild conditions, combined with rapid UHPLC analysis, provide a practical and economical methodology. This approach can help control the production of these alkaloids, which have therapeutic potential as antidepressants and anxiolytics.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Hallucinogenic fungi, mainly those from the Psilocybe genus, are being increasingly consumed even though there is no control on their culture conditions. Due to the therapeutic potential as antidepressants and anxiolytics of the alkaloids that they produce (psilocin and psilocybin), some form of control on their production would be highly recommended. Prior to identifying their optimal culture condition, a methodology that allows their study is required. Microwave-assisted extraction method (MAE) is a technique that has proven its efficiency to extract different compounds from solid matrices. For this reason, this study intends to optimize a MAE method to extract the alkaloids found in Psylocibe cubensis. A surface-response Box–Behnken design has been employed to optimize such extraction method and significantly reduce time and other resources in the extraction process. Based on the Box–Behnken design, 50 °C temperature, 60% methanol as extraction solvent, 0.6 g:10 mL sample mass:solvent ratio and 5 min extraction time, were established as optimal conditions. These mild conditions, combined with a rapid and efficient UHPLC analysis result in a practical and economical methodology for the extraction of psilocin and psilocybin from Psylocibe cubensis.