Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis and Updates in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common disorder driven by both inflammation and degeneration within the central nervous system, and it is the leading cause of non-traumatic disability in young adults. Recent research has improved understanding of the disease's underlying mechanisms and contributing factors, leading to therapies that target inflammatory components. A new class of immunomodulatory treatment, Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, has emerged as a promising tool. There is also renewed interest in Epstein-Barr virus as a major potentiator of MS. Current efforts focus on understanding non-inflammatory drivers, as the pathogenesis appears complex and requires a comprehensive, multilevel intervention strategy.

Study at a glance

Abstract

In this review, we provide a comprehensive update on current scientific advances and emerging therapeutic approaches in the field of multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common disorder characterized by inflammation and degeneration within the central nervous system (CNS). MS is the leading cause of non-traumatic disability in the young adult population. Through ongoing research, an improved understanding of the disease underlying mechanisms and contributing factors has been achieved. As a result, therapeutic advancements and interventions have been developed specifically targeting the inflammatory components that influence disease outcome. Recently, a new type of immunomodulatory treatment, known as Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, has surfaced as a promising tool to combat disease outcomes. Additionally, there is a renewed interested in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as a major potentiator of MS. Current research efforts are focused on addressing the gaps in our understanding of the pathogenesis of MS, particularly with respect to non-inflammatory drivers. Significant and compelling evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of MS is complex and requires a comprehensive, multilevel intervention strategy. This review aims to provide an overview of MS pathophysiology and highlights the most recent advances in disease-modifying therapies and other therapeutic interventions.