Psychedelic Nation? (De)Provincializing the Psychedelic Renaissance from Brazil

Brazil has developed a distinctive, globally relevant research paradigm for psychedelic substances, driven by a strong pharmaceutical innovation system and the legal status of ayahuasca. Unlike most countries, this research is primarily publicly funded through universities, showcasing Latin America's ability to produce competitive science despite severe financial limitations. Shaped by traditions of social medicine, psychiatric reform, and harm reduction activism, Brazilian psychedelic science maintains close ties to local communities, particularly ayahuasca churches that partner with clinical research labs. The authors argue that provincializing the psychedelic renaissance means challenging the patent-driven, neoliberal mindset that makes a shared, publicly funded psychedelic research commons seem impossible, an ideal quietly put into practice in Brazil as long as its universities received adequate public funding.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Research into the therapeutic potential of psychedelic substances has garnered spectacular international attention. Most of this focuses on research in the Global North. In this article, we examine Brazil's scientific contribution to the psychedelic renaissance. Brazilian psychedelic science thrives thanks to a strong pharmaceutical innovation system and the legal status of ayahuasca, which has allowed it to develop a distinctive, globally relevant research paradigm. Unlike in many countries, this research program is mostly publicly funded through universities, showcasing Latin America's ability to produce competitive science despite oftentimes severe financial limitations. In part shaped by traditions of saúde coletiva , social medicine, psychiatric reform, and harm reduction activism, Brazilian psychedelic science has historically maintained close ties to local communities of knowledge, particularly the ayahuasca churches, some of which have partnered with clinical research laboratories. Drawing on ethnographic research with actors of the Brazilian psychedelic research community we argue that provincializing the psychedelic renaissance means challenging the patent-driven, neoliberal mindset that makes the idea of a shared, publicly funded psychedelic research commons seem impossible. We show that this ideal has nevertheless been quietly put into practice in places like Brazil, at least as long as its universities received adequate public funding.