MDMA (Ecstasy)

MDMA (Ecstasy) is a synthetic amphetamine analogue used recreationally for its mood-enhancing effects, and its use is increasing among young people in Western countries. Unlike traditional drugs of abuse, MDMA dependence and dose escalation are relatively uncommon. However, MDMA is neurotoxic, damaging serotonergic neurons and impairing memory and mood. There are few effective treatments for acute intoxication or the long-term consequences of use. The literature indicates MDMA has a wide range of adverse effects.

Study at a glance

Abstract

BACKGROUND: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or Ecstasy) is a synthetic amphetamine analogue that is recreationally used to obtain a psychological effect of enhanced affiliative emotional response. Its use in Western countries appears to be increasing, particularly among young individuals. METHODS: Pertinent basic and clinical literature is critically reviewed. RESULTS: A significant body of literature suggests that the patterns of MDMA use differ from traditional drugs of abuse, with relatively uncommon dependence and escalation of dosage. Nonetheless, MDMA is also neurotoxic with significant deleterious effects on serotonergic neurons, memory, and mood. Despite this, there is a dearth of treatment strategies for both acute intoxication and consequences of longer term use. CONCLUSIONS: MDMA is an important drug of abuse that has a wide range of adverse consequences.