Prospective memory impairment in abstinent MDMA ("Ecstasy") users

Repeated recreational use of MDMA (Ecstasy) is linked to lasting impairments in explicit memory. In this study, 15 abstinent MDMA users and 17 matched controls completed tests of memory and vocabulary. MDMA users showed deficits in episodic prospective memory—remembering to perform future tasks—with medium to large differences on time-based and event-based subtests. The ability to recall a future appointment appeared related to how often and how many times MDMA had been used. Further research is needed to explore the neurological basis of these deficits, particularly the role of serotonin.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Introduction: Quantitative evidence has begun to emerge where human studies suggest that repeated recreational use of +/- 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA or "Ecstasy") produces lasting impairments in explicit memory. The purpose of this investigation was to further explore the nature and pattern of component memory processes in abstinent MDMA users. Methods: Accordingly, 15 MDMA users and 17 matched normal controls completed a brief neuropsychological test battery composed mainly of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT), a Stem-Completion task, and the Vocabulary subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III). Results: MDMA users were found impaired in terms of episodic prospective memory, as medium to large effects were observed between groups on time-based Appointment and event-based Message subtests of the RBMT. The results of this study also indicate that the ability to recall a future appointment may be related to the frequency of MDMA use and the absolute number of times MDMA was used. Conclusion: Further research is warranted into the underlying neurological manifestations of such deficits, such as investigating the relation between the neurotransmitter serotonin and the component processes of memory.