Behavioral Psychopharmacology of MDMA and MDMA-Like Drugs: A Review of Human and Animal Studies

MDMA (ecstasy) produces a distinctive behavioral profile in both humans and animals, as shown by studies of locomotor activity and startle/prepulse inhibition. The precise sites and mechanisms behind these effects remain under investigation. Research into MDMA and related serotonergic drugs can clarify mechanisms of drug abuse, cognition, arousal, motor activity, neurotoxicity, and potential therapeutic value.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Since being classified as a Schedule I controlled substance, MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine; "ecstasy") has been the subject of controversy regarding its potential therapeutic usage, increased use by young people in the "Rave" culture, and issues of potential neurotoxicity. This review article summarizes much of the animal and human studies of the general behavioral effects of MDMA and MDMA-like drugs, as well as studies using specific locomotor activity and startle/prepulse inhibition paradigms. MDMA and related serotonergic drugs produce a unique behavioral profile in both humans and animals. The precise sites of action and mechanisms for these behavioral effects are still being studied. Carefully conducted studies of MDMA and related compounds in animal and human subjects will provide invaluable information that can be used to elucidate mechanisms underlying drug abuse, cognition, arousal, and motor activity, as well as mechanisms of neurotoxicity and the possible therapeutic value of MDMA.