Neuropharmacology of N,N-dimethyltryptamine

N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an indole alkaloid found in plants and animals, known for producing brief, intense psychedelic effects. Evidence suggests endogenous DMT may act as a neurotransmitter in the periphery and central nervous system. This review covers recreational use, potential endogenous roles, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, clinical uses, and adverse effects. DMT appears to have limited neurotoxicity and few adverse effects, except for intense cardiovascular effects when given intravenously in large doses. It may be a useful experimental tool for exploring brain function and a clinical tool for treating anxiety and psychosis.

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Abstract

N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an indole alkaloid widely found in plants and animals. It is best known for producing brief and intense psychedelic effects when ingested. Increasing evidence suggests that endogenous DMT plays important roles for a number of processes in the periphery and central nervous system, and may act as a neurotransmitter. This paper reviews the current literature of both the recreational use of DMT and its potential roles as an endogenous neurotransmitter. Pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action in the periphery and central nervous system, clinical uses and adverse effects are also reviewed. DMT appears to have limited neurotoxicity and other adverse effects except for intense cardiovascular effects when administered intravenously in large doses. Because of its role in nervous system signaling, DMT may be a useful experimental tool in exploring how the brain works, and may also be a useful clinical tool for treatment of anxiety and psychosis.