Chemical profile of synthetic drugs seized in Paraná State (Brazil): Possible decline of new psychoactive substances.

Between 2014 and 2024, forensic analysis of 4911 seized synthetic drug samples (1656 blotter papers and 3255 ecstasy tablets) from Paraná, Brazil, identified 64 distinct chemical substances, 50 of which were new psychoactive substances (NPS). The most common compounds were central nervous system stimulants, particularly phenethylamines. In ecstasy tablets, MDA predominated, while blotter papers most often contained NBOH series compounds. LSD identifications in blotters progressively increased, whereas NPS identifications decreased over time. Most seizures occurred in the state capital, Curitiba, with fewer in border regions. The chemical profile proved diverse and resilient, and the decline in NPS coincided with stricter national and international legislative controls.

Study at a glance

Abstract

In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in the diversification and global commercialization of new psychoactive substances (NPS). This study assessed changes in the chemical profile of blotter papers and ecstasy tablets seized in the state of Paraná, Brazil, between 2014 and 2024. A total of 4911 samples (1656 blotter papers and 3255 tablets) were analyzed using GC-MS NMR, and FTIR techniques. These samples originated from synthetic drug seizures conducted across the state. A total of 64 chemical substances were identified, of which 50 were classified as NPS. The number of forensic requests for the analysis of blotters and tablets varied over the years, with peaks in 2016 and 2023. The most frequently identified compounds were central nervous system stimulants, especially phenethylamines. In ecstasy tablets, the most frequently identified substance was 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), whereas among blotters, the NBOH series predominated. Additionally, a progressive increase in lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) identifications was observed in blotters, while NPS identifications decreased over time. Most synthetic drug seizures occurred in Curitiba, the state capital, while a lower incidence was observed in border regions. The data indicate that the chemical profile of synthetic drugs identified in Paraná is diverse and resilient. Moreover, the observed decrease in the number of NPS in the state coincides with the implementation of national and international legislative measures aimed at stricter control of psychoactive substances.