Inflammatory biomarker outcomes associated with MDMA-assisted therapy: an open-label exploratory study.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is linked to higher inflammation and chronic illness risk, but few studies have examined how PTSD interventions affect inflammatory biomarkers. In this pilot study, 23 Veterans with PTSD provided blood samples before and after MDMA-assisted group therapy. Small increases occurred in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), while tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) showed a small decrease. Higher baseline IL-6 and TNF-α were associated with more severe PTSD symptoms. IL-6 change correlated with symptom change, and higher baseline IL-6 weakly predicted symptom improvement. These preliminary results suggest MDMA-assisted therapy may influence inflammatory biomarkers and highlight relationships between biomarkers and PTSD symptoms.

Study at a glance

Abstract

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with elevated inflammation and risk for chronic illness, yet few studies have examined inflammatory biomarker outcomes of PTSD interventions. Rapid PTSD symptom reduction has been observed following 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy, which leverages MDMA as a prosocial adjunct to psychotherapy. No studies have evaluated inflammatory biomarker outcomes of MDMA-assisted therapy. This exploratory pilot study examined within-person changes in inflammatory biomarkers during MDMA-assisted group therapy for Veterans with PTSD (www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05961527). Blood plasma samples were collected from 23 Veterans at baseline and end-of-intervention. Hedges' g effect sizes were calculated for interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP). PTSD severity was assessed with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) at baseline and 30-day follow-up. Spearman's rho correlations were calculated among biomarkers, PTSD symptoms, and change scores. Small increases were observed in IL-6 (g = 0.24; 95% CI -0.25, 0.72) and CRP (g = 0.23; 95% CI -0.30, 0.74), and a small decrease in TNF-α (g = -0.24; 95% CI -0.69, 0.23). Baseline IL-6 and TNF-α were positively associated with baseline CAPS-5 scores (ρ = 0.45, 0.32). Higher baseline IL-6 weakly predicted symptom improvement (ρ = -0.25), and IL-6 change correlated with symptom change (ρ = 0.41). CRP showed weak negative associations with PTSD symptoms (ρ = -0.26). Findings suggest MDMA-assisted therapy may modulate inflammatory biomarkers and highlight biomarker-symptom relationships. Results are preliminary but may inform larger studies.