Suggestions effects in psychedelics: Confounds and opportunities

Growing excitement about psychedelics in media and science often overlooks the influence of suggestion—where expectations and beliefs shape outcomes. Suggestion can distort experimental research on psychedelics' neurocognitive effects, yet it may also enhance therapeutic results when used deliberately. The authors call for greater attention to suggestion as both a source of bias and a potential tool to maximize benefits in psychedelic-assisted therapy.

Study at a glance

Abstract

The resurgence of interest in psychedelics has led to their widespread, and often uncritical, promotion within both popular media and scientific communities. This heightened enthusiasm complicates assessments of the neurocognitive effects of psychedelics as well as their efficacy as adjuncts to psychotherapy. A key challenge for this nascent field involves understanding how suggestion effects can both act as a confound in experimental research on psychedelics but also improve outcomes in therapeutic interventions. By critically examining how these effects operate within psychedelic experiences, we aim to draw greater attention to the role of suggestion effects as both a source of bias but also as a tool that can be leveraged to maximize therapeutic benefits. We argue for more careful consideration of the role of suggestion effects in response to psychedelics.