The roles and impacts of worldviews in the context of meditation-related challenges.

Worldviews can both increase the risk of meditation-related challenges and serve as a remedy for them, depending on the individual. Buddhist practitioners and teachers in the contemporary West navigate both religious and scientific explanatory frameworks, a context shaped by "Buddhist modernism" which presents Buddhism as compatible with science. Interview data from the Varieties of Contemplative Experience project show that for some, having, applying, or changing a worldview helped mitigate challenging experiences or distress, while for others, worldviews acted as a risk factor influencing the onset and course of difficulties.

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Abstract

Previous research has shown that worldviews can serve as a coping response to periods of difficulty or struggle, and worldviews can also change on account of difficulty. This paper investigates the impacts worldviews have on the nature and trajectory of meditation-related challenges, as well as how worldviews change or are impacted by such challenges. The context of meditation-related challenges provided by data from the Varieties of Contemplative Experience research project offers a unique insight into the dynamics between worldviews and meditation. Buddhist meditation practitioners and meditation experts interviewed for the study report how, for some, worldviews can serve as a risk factor impacting the onset and trajectory of meditation-related challenges, while, for others, worldviews (e.g., being given a worldview, applying a worldview, or changing a worldview) were reported as a remedy for mitigating challenging experiences and/or their associated distress. Buddhist meditation practitioners and teachers in the contemporary West are also situated in a cultural context in which religious and scientific worldviews and explanatory frameworks are dually available. Furthermore, the context of "Buddhist modernism" has also promoted a unique configuration in which the theory and practice of Buddhism is presented as being closely compatible with science. We identify and discuss the various impacts that religious and scientific worldviews have on meditation practitioners and meditation teachers who navigate periods of challenge associated with the practice.