Altered States of Consciousness during Exercise, Active-Alert Hypnosis, and Everyday Waking State.
Eniko Kasos, Krisztian Kasos, Emese Józsa, Katalin Varga, Éva Bányai, András Költő, Attila Szabo
The International journal of clinical and experimental hypnosis January 1, 2022 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2022.2093644 via PubMed
Summary
AI-generated from the abstractA nonrandomized comparison examined whether exercise produces states of consciousness similar to active-alert hypnosis (AAH). Runners, spinning-class participants, AAH subjects, and a control class completed the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory. Runners and spinners scored higher than controls on altered experience and altered state of awareness, similar to AAH participants. Runners scored highest on rationality, while the AAH group scored lowest on self-awareness. On volitional control, spinners and controls scored higher than runners and the AAH group. The findings suggest exercise may induce hypnotic-like states that could increase responsiveness to a coach's suggestions.
Study at a glance
| Characteristics | Retrospective nonrandomized comparison Peer reviewed |
|---|---|
| Sample size | 375 |
| Population | Runners, spinning-class participants, active-alert hypnosis subjects, and students in a class |
| Keywords | Active-alert hypnosis Communication Consciousness Exercise Training |
| Key finding | Exercise may lead to states of consciousness similar to active-alert hypnosis, potentially increasing responsiveness to a coach's training suggestions. |
Abstract
This retrospective study was a nonrandomized comparison of exercisers' (runners and participants of a spinning class) states of consciousness with subjects of active-alert hypnosis (AAH) and students in a class (control). Three hundred and seventy-five participants completed the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (PCI). Runners, spinners, and participants of AAH scored higher on the altered experience and altered state of awareness dimensions of the PCI than the control group. Runners scored higher than participants of AAH and the control condition on the rationality dimension, and spinners scored higher than participants in the AAH condition. The AAH group scored lowest on the self-awareness dimension. On the volitional control dimension, the spinning and control groups scored significantly higher than the runner and AAH groups. The results suggest that exercise may lead to states of consciousness similar to AAH and thus increase responsiveness to a coach's training suggestions.