Neoclerodanes as atypical opioid receptor ligands.
Journal of medicinal chemistry – May 09, 2013
Source: PubMed
Summary
Remarkably, a compound from a hallucinogenic plant, Salvinorin A, activates opioid receptors like morphine but lacks nitrogen, making it truly atypical. This groundbreaking finding illuminates a new way these crucial receptors can be targeted. Investigations into this non-nitrogenous molecule's unique action provide fresh insights into drug tolerance and dependence. This knowledge promises to facilitate the design of novel agents for pain relief and combating drug abuse.
Abstract
The neoclerodane diterpene salvinorin A is the major active component of the hallucinogenic mint plant Salvia divinorum Epling and Játiva (Lamiaceae). Since the finding that salvinorin A exerts its potent psychotropic actions through the activation of opioid receptors, the site of action of morphine and related analogues, there has been much interest in elucidating the underlying mechanisms behind its effects. These effects are particularly remarkable because (1) salvinorin A is the first reported non-nitrogenous opioid receptor agonist and (2) its effects are not mediated through the previously investigated targets of psychotomimetics. This Perspective outlines our research program, illustrating a new direction to the development of tools to further elucidate the biological mechanisms of drug tolerance and dependence. The information gained from these efforts is expected to facilitate the design of novel agents to treat pain, drug abuse, and other central nervous system disorders.